锌钼营养对苦瓜产量、品质及叶片氮素代谢的影响

采用田间试验、植株生理生化测定方法,研究了锌钼营养对苦瓜（品种株洲长白）产量、品质及叶片氮素代谢的影响。结果表明:在土壤缺锌、钼的条件下,叶面喷施一定范围质量浓度配比的硫酸锌和钼酸钠均可显著提高苦瓜产量,并可提高苦瓜蛋白质、可溶性糖、维生素C（Vc）和17种氨基酸,尤其是人体必需氨基酸含量,降低NO3-含量,改善苦瓜品质;锌钼营养还可提高叶片蛋白质、核酸含量以及硝酸还原酶（NR）活性,并降低游离氨基酸、NO3-含量和核糖核酸酶（RNase）活性。在对叶片氮素代谢的影响程度上,锌和钼的作用存在一定的差异,且锌和钼呈现相互促进作用。苦瓜产量与叶片NR活性,叶片蛋白质与硝酸还原酶活性、核酸含量呈极显著正相关,而苦瓜产量与叶片RNase活性、叶片蛋白质与游离氨基酸、叶片核酸与RNase活性、叶片NO3-含量与硝酸还原酶活性等两两相互间则呈极显著负相关。讨论了锌钼对苦瓜品质和氮代谢的影响机理。 

Effects of Zinc and Molybdenum Nutrition on Yield and Quality and Nitrogen Metabolism in Leaves of Balsam Pear(M.charantia cv.Zhuzhou Zhangbai)

Effects of zinc and molybdenum nutrition on yield and quality and nitrogen metabolism in leaves of balsam pear (Momordica charantia. Zhuzhou Zhangbai)were studied through field trial and physiological determination. The results showed that spraying ZnSO2.7H20 and Na2,Mg,O2 on leaves of balsam pear in ZnSO2 and Mo deficient soil, could significantly increase the yield of balsam Pear, and increase the contents of protein, soluble sugars, Ve, 17 sorts of amino acids, especially necessary amino acids for human body, but decrease the NO3content in balsam pear. Thus the balsam pear quality was improved. Zn and Mg nutrition could also increase protein and nuclear acid contents and NR activity, but decrease nitric nitrogen (NO:") and free ammonic acids contents (FAA) and RNase activity in leaves. There was some difference between the effects of Zn and Mo on nitrogen metabolism in leaves, and a synergetic effect was observed between Zn and Mo. The results also showed  that there was a significant positive correlation between yields and NR, between protein content and NR, nuclear acid contents in leaves; but a significant negative correlation between yield and Rnase, between protein content and FAA and Rnase, between nuclear contents and Rnase, between nitric nitrogen (NO:) contents and NR in leaves. The effect of Zn and Mo nutrients on the quality and nitrogen metabolism was discussed.