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秸秆还田与有机肥对银北盐碱地春小麦光合作用及生长的影响
引用本文:马飞,许兴,肖国举,张峰举.秸秆还田与有机肥对银北盐碱地春小麦光合作用及生长的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2016(9):80-83.
作者姓名:马飞  许兴  肖国举  张峰举
作者单位:1. 宁夏大学新技术应用研究开发中心,宁夏银川,750021;2. 宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川,750021
基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目“西北地区灌溉农田土壤固碳减排技术研究”(2013BAD11B03-6)
摘    要:为作物秸秆还田及有机肥施用改良盐碱地提供理论依据,分析秸秆还田(RS)、有机肥(M)及秸秆还田和有机肥配施(RSM)条件下盐碱地春小麦的光合作用、生长及土壤性质的变化。结果表明:与CK(只施化肥)相比,RS、M和RSM能够显著降低土壤pH和全盐含量,0~10cm土层pH分别降低0.9%、4.4%和6.8%,全盐含量分别降低41.6%、66.4%和67.8%;10~20cm土层pH分别降低3.5%、8.9%和7.6%,全盐含量分别降低56.6%、61.9%和71.4%,土壤环境得到明显改善。秸秆还田和有机肥施用显著提高春小麦的光合作用、生长及干物质积累,与对照相比,RS、M和RSM处理春小麦的株高分别增加12%、22%和35%,总生物量分别增加为21%、32%和58%,穗干重分别增加28%、44%和80%,茎干重分别增加63%、58%和79%,叶干重分别增加47%、48%和74%,且RSM处理春小麦的生长和总生物量显著高于RS和M。

关 键 词:秸秆还田  盐碱地  光合作用  春小麦  银北地区  宁夏

Effects of Straw-returning and Manure on Photosynthesis and Growth of Spring Wheat in Saline-alkali Soil in North of Yinchuan
Abstract:In order to provide theoretical references for improving saline-alkali soil by applying straw returning (RS),manure (M) and their interaction (RSM),the effects of applying RS,M and RSM on photosynthesis,growth and soil property of spring wheat were studied.Results:Compared with CK (applying chemical fertilizer only),RS,M and RS+ M significantly improved the properties of saline-alkali soil,reflected by their significant lower values of pH and salt content than CK.pH values of 0~10 cm soil layer decreased by 0.9%,4.4% and 6.8% respectively,that of 10~20 cm soil layer decreased by 3.5%,8.9% and 7.6% respectively.Salt content of 0~10 cm soil layer decreased by 41.6%,66.4% and 67.8% and that of 10 ~ 20 cm soil layer decreased by 56.6%,61.9% and 71.4% respectively.The photosynthesis,growth and dry matter production showed the opposite trend,exhibiting highest va lues in RSM,followed by M and RS,and lowest values in the CK.Compared with CK,RS,M and RSM increased plant height(12%,22% and 35%),gross biomass(21%,32% and 58%),dry ear weight(28%,44% and 80%),dry stem weight(63%,58% and 79%) and dry leaf weight(47%,48% and 74%).
Keywords:straw returning  saline-alkali soil  photosynthesis  spring wheat  north region of Yinchuan  Ningxia
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