水氮合理配合对旱区温室番茄土壤酶活性与水氮利用效率的影响

为获得旱区温室番茄水氮合理用量,以番茄品种‘金福莱’为试材,在日光温室内,设灌水量4 200、3 570和2 940 m~3·hm~(-2) 3个水平和施氮量190、380和570 kg·hm~(-2) 3个水平,采用二因素随机区组设计,研究水氮互作处理对土壤酶活性、番茄产量及水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明:采用处理A5(灌水量3 570m~3·hm~(-2),施氮量380 kg·hm~(-2)),在番茄结果初期、中期和末期,土壤中的蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶的活性最高,其株高、茎粗、单株产量和经济产量等最优,分别为177.35 cm、1.24 cm、2.70 kg和98.40t·hm~(-2),在水氮互作处理A6(灌水量2 940 m~3·hm~(-2),施氮量380 kg·hm~(-2))和A1(灌水量4 200m~3·hm~(-2),施氮量为190 kg·hm~(-2))下,其灌溉水利用率和氮肥施用效率最高。

Effects of Water-nitrogen Interaction on Soil Enzyme Activity and Water-nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Dryland Greenhouse Tomato

The water-nitrogen utilization efficiency and tomato yield and soil enzyme activity were studied to obtain the most suitable water-nitrogen application rate for dry greenhouse tomato,using two factor randomized block design,with three levels of irrigation water(4 200 m·hm^-2,3 570 m·hm^-2 and 2 940 m·hm^-2)and nitrogen application rate(190 kg·hm^-2,380 kg·hm^-2 and 570 kg·hm^-2),respectively.The results showed that the treatment of A5(irrigation amount 3 570 m·hm^-2,nitrogen application 380 kg·hm^-2)led to the the highest activities of sucrase,urease,catalase and phosphatase in soil at early stage and middle stage and last stage of tomato fruit development,and gained the best performance of tomato in plant height(177.35 cm),stem diameter(1.24 cm),yield per plant(2.70 kg) and economic yield(98.40 t·hm^-2).The highest irrigation water utilization rate and nitrogen fertilizer application efficiency were detected in the A6(irrigation amount 2 940 m·hm^-2,nitrogen application 380 kg·hm^-2) and A1(irrigation amount 4 200 m·hm^-2,nitrogen application 190 kg·hm^-2) treatment.