秸秆带状覆盖下冬小麦干物质积累及氮磷钾素的吸收利用

为了解秸秆带状覆盖对冬小麦干物质积累以及氮磷钾素吸收利用的影响,于2014-2015年在甘肃省旱作区设置定位试验,研究秸秆带状覆盖(SM)、全膜覆土穴播(PMF)和露地种植(CK)3种方式下冬小麦干物质、氮磷钾养分的积累及转运与分配的差异。结果表明,与CK相比,SM处理能增加冬小麦成熟期开花后积累的干物质对籽粒的贡献率,但与PMF处理间差异不显著;SM处理会降低开花前营养器官贮藏物向籽粒的转运量、转运效率及其对籽粒的贡献率,但能显著提高小麦开花后籽粒氮和磷的积累量,较CK处理分别增加69.3%和70.3%,其所积累的氮素和磷素对籽粒的贡献率分别达到55.1%和53.0%,并有效减少了开花前茎叶积累的钾素在开花后的流失。说明秸秆带状覆盖有利用促进小麦干物质、氮磷钾养分的积累,进而提高产量。

Dry Matter Accumulation and N,P and K Absorption and Utilization under Bundled Straw Mulching

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of straw mulching on the post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and distribution,the uptake and utilization efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of winter wheat.No mulching(CK) and treatments of plastic film mulching(PMF) and straw strips mulching(SM) weresetup.Results indicated that the SM increased the dry matter accumulation amount at maturity and the contribution ratio of dry matter from vegetative organs to grain after anthesis,while it reduced pre-anthesis translocation amount and the ratio of dry matter accumulation and its contribution to grain compared with CK.The increase rate of the nitrogen and phosphorous accumulation after anthesis under SM was 69.3% and 70.3%,respectively,compared with CK.The contribution ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus to grain was 55.1% and 53.0%,respectively,and the SM reduced the loss of potassium accumulation during the post-anthesis stage.Consequently,straw strips mulching could be beneficial to improve the dry matter accumulation amount and the uptake and utilization efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of winter wheat,and finally increased grain yield.