生物质炭对土壤理化性状及氮素转化的研究进展

生物质炭因其具有的特殊理化性质施入到农田中能够改良土壤、提高土壤肥力及促进作物生长，已经成为农业减排和土壤微生态系统生物氮素地球化学循环领域的研究热点。生物质炭作为土壤的外来物质，直接或间接地参与到土壤氮素的周转过程中，进而对土壤中氮素的存在状态和供应能力等产生长远的影响。本文综述了土壤中施入生物质炭后，氮素循环的变化及响应机制，重点分析了生物质炭施入农田引起土壤理化性质变化后由土壤微生物驱动的固氮反应、氨化反应、硝化反应及反硝化反应等生物化学反应过程的响应及相关机理。在此基础上，对今后生物质炭的研究方向进行展望。

Research Progresses in Effects of Biochar on Soil Physiochemical Properties and Nitrogen Transformation

Because of special physiochemical properties, biochar can be applied in farmland to improve soil fertility and quality and to promote the growth of crops, so it has become a study hotspot in the field of agricultural emission reduction and biological nitrogen geochemical cycle in soil microecosystem. As the extraneous material of soil, biochar is directly or indirectly involved in the process of soil nitrogen turnover, thus has an long-term impact on the existence and supply capacity of nitrogen in soil. This paper analyzed the change and response mechanism of nitrogen turnover after biochar being fertilized in soil with emphases on biochemical reaction processes, such as ammonification, nitrification, denitrification and nitrogen fixation driven by microorganism after soil physiochemical changes caused by biochar application. Meanwhile, the study prospects of biochar were also discussed.