四川省近年育成小麦品种农艺性状和品质性状分析

为给四川小麦新品种培育和生产提供参考,统计了2008-2018年四川省审定的100个小麦品种的6个农艺性状和8个品质性状,并对其性状变化规律及相关性进行了分析。结果表明,2008-2018年四川省审定小麦品种的产量水平呈逐年上升趋势,平均每年提高22.0kg·hm^-2;产量三要素中,穗数和粒重呈下降趋势,穗粒数呈上升趋势。生育期平均每年缩短0.36d,株高呈上升趋势,但变化不明显。高产品种的穗数较多,千粒重较高,增加穗粒数可能是进一步提高产量潜力的关键。近年审定品种的粗蛋白含量和沉降值相对较高,但湿面筋含量、稳定时间等指标相对较低;同一品种多个品质指标间强、中、弱筋层次交错。总体来看,四川省小麦高产优质育种仍有较大提升空间,穗数接近350×10^4·hm^-2、穗粒数44粒、千粒重45g以上的多穗型品种可能更适合四川气候和生产条件;相同品种的多个品质指标间不协调,总体较差,品质遗传改良研究亟需加强。

Agronomic and Quality Traits of Wheat Varieties Bred in Sichuan in Recent Years

To provide reference for wheat breeding and production in Sichuan in the future, six agronomic traits and eight quality traits of 100 wheat varieties released in Sichuan Province from 2008 to 2018 were tested, the variation and correlation of the traits were analyzed. The results indicated that the yield of wheat varieties increased annually by 22.0 kg·hm^-2. Among the three factors of yield, spike number and grain weight showed a downward trend, while the grain number per spike showed a significant upward trend. The growth duration decreased annually by 0.36 d, and the plant height showed an upward trend, but the change was not obvious. The cultivars with higher yield had more spike number,grain weight is higher,suggesting that it may be an effective measure to increase grain number per spike to further increase yield potential. Sichuan wheat cultivars released recently had relatively high protein and sedimentation volume, low wet gluten content and stability time. Strong, middle and weak dough among multiple quality indices of the same variety were interlaced. Cultivars with 350 spikes per square, 44 kernels per spike and the 1 000-grain weight over 45 g, may be more suitable for Sichuan''s climate and production conditions. Wheat varieties bred in Sichuan in recent years had poorer quality in total, and more effective measures should be taken for quality improvement greatly.