磷运筹和干旱胁迫对冬小麦农艺性状和品质性状的影响

为探究不同水磷运筹对冬小麦农艺性状和品质性状的影响,以冬小麦品种新冬20号和新冬23号为材料,研究了不同水分和施磷时期处理对冬小麦农艺性状、籽粒蛋白和淀粉含量、淀粉特性、植株和籽粒全磷含量的影响.结果表明:(1)品种、水分、施磷时期及其互作效应对小麦株高和千粒重均有显著影响;(2)品种、水分及三个试验因素的互作效应对籽粒淀粉和蛋白含量均有显著影响;籽粒淀粉含量以新冬20号干旱胁迫下一次施磷(DT+P1)处理的最高,新冬23号以干旱胁迫下三次施磷(DT+P3)处理最高;两个品种均以适水对照下三次施磷(WT+P3)处理的籽粒蛋白含量最高;(3)不同磷素运筹和干旱胁迫条件下,小麦淀粉粒的微观结构发生了变化,进而影响了淀粉粒的水解效率;(4)两个小麦品种的籽粒硬度均以DT+P3处理最低;(5)水分和施磷处理的互作效应对植株和籽粒磷含量有显著影响.

Effect of Phosphorus Strategy and Drought Stress on Agronomic Traits and Quality Traits in Winter Wheat

In order to study the effects of water and phosphorus application on the agronomic and quality traits,two winter wheat cultivars Xindong 20 and Xindong 23 were used as materials. By designing the three-factor experiment,the plant agronomic traits and grain quality traits of winter wheat were investigated. The results showed that:Variety,water,phosphorus application period and their interaction have significant effects on wheat plant height and 1 000-grain weight. Variety,water,and the interaction of three experimental factors have a significant effect on starch and protein content. Xindong 20 and Xindong 23 have the highest starch content in grain under DT+P₁ and DT+P₃ treatments,respectively.The two varieties achieve the highest protein content under WT+P₃ treatment. Under different treatments,the micro-structure of starch granules are changed,which further have an effect on the hydrolysis efficiency of starch. Under DT+P₃ treatment,the grain hardness is lowest both in two varieties. The interaction between water and phosphorus application period has a significant effect on the total phosphorus content in plants and grains.