ICARDA小麦种质抗条锈资源筛选和抗病基因分析

为给中国小麦抗条锈病育种筛选有效抗源,对203份来自ICARDA的小麦种质,利用杨凌人工病圃和天水、江油自然诱发病圃进行成株期条锈病抗性鉴定,利用条锈菌当前流行小种条中32(CYR32)和条中34(CYR34)在温室进行苗期分小种鉴定,利用 Yr5、 Yr9、 Yr10、 Yr15、 Yr17、 Yr18、 Yr26等抗条锈病基因已开发的分子标记进行基因检测。结果表明,203份材料中107份具有稳定的成株期抗性,31份苗期表现为专化抗性。从这些具有稳定抗病性的材料中,检测到抗条锈病基因 Yr9(51份)、 Yr10(2份)、 Yr17(30份)和 Yr18(56份),未检测到 Yr5、 Yr15、 Yr26;有12份抗条锈表现良好的材料未检测到任何基因,推测其可能携带未开发分子标记的已知基因或新基因。因此,这107份具有稳定抗性的材料可用于中国小麦抗条锈病育种,其中12份可能含有未知基因的材料有待进一步的遗传研究。

Screening of Stripe Rust Resistance and Molecular Detection of Yr Genes of Wheat Germplasms from ICARDA

Screening effective resistance sources of wheat stripe rust and analyzing its resistance genes are of great value to wheat disease resistance breeding in China. For 203 wheat germplasms from ICARDA, adult resistance was identified by using Yangling artificial disease nursery and Tianshui or Jiangyou natural induced disease nursery; race identification was carried out in greenhouse by using 32 (CYR32) and 34 (CYR34) races of stripe rust currently prevalent; and gene detection was carried out by using molecular markers developed by Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18 and Yr26 genes resistant to stripe rust. The results showed that 107 of 203 materials have stable adult resistance and 31 showed specific resistance at seedling stage. Molecular analysis showed that among 107 materials with stable resistance, 51, 2, 30 and 56 materials were detected to carry stripe rust resistance genes Yr9, Yr10, Yr17,and Yr18, respectively, but no resistant material was detected to carry Yr5, Yr15 and Yr26. No gene was detected from another 12 materials with good resistance to stripe rust, presumably carrying known genes with undeveloped molecular markers or new genes. To conclude,107 wheat germplasms with stable resistance were screened from 203 ICARDA wheat germplasms, and 12 of which may contain unknown genes for the future study.