土壤污染生态毒理诊断方法研究进展

土壤污染诊断研究对土壤污染预警和土壤污染修复效果评价具有重要的指导意义。近年来土壤污染日趋严重,污染类型呈现出复合型和多样化的趋势,传统的化学诊断法由于指标单一、样品前处理复杂且费用高已不能满足全面诊断土壤污染及评价土壤健康状况的要求。与传统的化学法相比,土壤污染生态毒理学诊断由于其灵敏度高、检测指标多样、响应快且能够从微观角度反映污染物胁迫效应,成为目前土壤污染诊断领域的热点。本文综合分析国内外文献,介绍了基于植物、动物、微生物、细胞、分子等不同层次的诊断方法并对其优缺点作了评价,同时也对其未来发展前景做出了展望。

Research Advances in Eco-toxicological Diagnosis Methods of Soil Pollution

Diagnosis of soil pollution has important guiding significance for early warning of soil pollution and evaluating the remediation effect. In recent years, soil pollution is becoming more and more serious and pollution type presents a complicated and diversified trend, so the traditional chemical method cannot meet the requirements of comprehensive diagnosis for soil pollution due to single detection index, complex pre-treatment, and high cost. Compared with traditional chemical methods, the ecotoxicological diagnosis of soil pollution, with high sensitivity, fast response time, combinative detection index, and the unique advantage of reflecting the pollutant stress effect from microscopic view, has become a hot spot in soil pollution diagnosis. In this paper, based on the domestic and foreign literatures, different levels of diagnostic methods based on plants, animals, microorganisms, cells and molecules are presented, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are pointed out, and the prospect is forecasted.