低剂量棉隆熏蒸联合生物菌肥防治黄瓜根结线虫病的应用效果

为明确土壤熏蒸联合生物菌肥对根结线虫及土壤微生态的影响,采用低剂量棉隆熏蒸处理后沟施YB-04菌肥的方法在日光大棚进行黄瓜根结线虫病的防治试验。结果显示,棉隆熏蒸联合YB-04菌肥沟施处理土壤中的根结线虫数和黄瓜植株根系的根结指数均比单独使用棉隆或YB-04菌肥的处理及对照显著降低,黄瓜移栽后90 d时线虫减退率为89.1%,根结指数为0.5,防治效果达87.8%。棉隆熏蒸联合YB-04菌肥沟施处理也具有显著的促生作用,黄瓜的产量、株高、鲜重以及有效叶数均比对照显著提高了46.4%、18.8%、63.0%和17.7%。另外,棉隆单独熏蒸处理土壤中的细菌和真菌数量、细菌/真菌比值及土壤酶活性均较对照显著降低,而棉隆熏蒸联合YB-04菌肥沟施处理土壤中的细菌数量、细菌/真菌比值及土壤酶活性均较棉隆单独熏蒸处理显著增加,其中,细菌数量及细菌/真菌比值分别达28.4×106CFU/g和201.2,蔗糖酶活性达86.0 mg·g~(-1)·24 h~(-1)。表明低剂量棉隆熏蒸联合YB-04菌肥沟施可以安全高效地防治黄瓜根结线虫病。

Efficacy of dazomet fumigation and bioorganic fertilizer in integrated control of cucumber root-knot nematode

In order to study the integrated effects of fumigant and bioorganic fertilizer on root-knot nematode and soil microbial ecology, dazomet and YB-04 bioorganic fertilizer were applied successively in a sunlight greenhouse. The results showed that the number of nematodes in soil and root-knot on cucumber after transplanted 90 d were significantly reduced by the combined use of dazomet fumigation with YB-04 compared to that of the single biocontrol treatment and control, with a nematode decrease rate of 89.1%, a root-knot index of 0.5, and a control efficiency of 87.8%. In the meantime, the combined use of dazomet fumigation with YB-04 significantly improved cucumber growth, with the yield, plant height, fresh weight and available leaves increased by 46.4%, 18.8%, 63.0% and 17.7%, respectively. In addition, the amount of soil bacteria and fungi, the ratio of bacteria/fungi and the activities of three soil enzymes were significantly reduced by dazomet fumigation. Compared to single dazomet treatment, the combined use of dazomet fumigation with YB-04 improved the amount of bacteria up to 28.4×106 CFU/g, the ratio of bacteria/fungi up to 201.2, and enhanced the enzyme with invertase activity to 86.0 mg·g^-1·24 h^-1. The results indicated that the combination of dazomet fumigation and bioorganic fertilizers could control root-knot nematode efficiently and safely, thus indicating an important utilization value in agriculture.