施肥措施对砂姜黑土小麦生长性状、营养元素累积及产量的影响

通过田间试验,设不施肥、常规施肥、推荐施肥、施控失肥和施缓释肥5个处理,研究其对砂姜黑土小麦单株次生根数、单株分蘖数、叶面积指数、植株干物质和N、P、K累积及产量的影响。结果表明:缓释肥处理小麦单株次生根数、单株分蘖数、叶面积指数在抽穗期表现最好,较不施肥、常规施肥、推荐施肥和控失肥处理,单株次生根数分别增加24.7%、19.7%、7.2%、22.1%,极显著高于不施肥、常规施肥和控失肥处理,显著高于推荐施肥处理;单株分蘖数分别增加25.0%、11.1%、11.1%、20.0%,叶面积指数分别增加39.1%、23.1%、10.3%、8.5%。缓释肥处理促进了小麦生长中后期植株干物质与N、P、K的累积与转移,氮、磷(P2O5)肥利用率分别为43.35%、19.92%,极显著高于常规施肥处理,分别提高13.66%和8.15%;其钾(K2O)肥利用率为37.63%,显著高于常规施肥和推荐施肥处理,分别提高12.01%和9.47%。产量方面,缓释肥处理小麦单产(烘干重)6 424 kg.hm 2,极显著高于不施肥处理,较不施肥、常规施肥、推荐施肥和控失肥处理分别增产71.8%、6.4%、4.5%、5.3%。

Effects of different fertilization schemes on growth, accumulation andtransportation of nutrient elements and yield of wheat in lime-concretedblack soil region

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different fertilization schemes on the number of secondary roots and tillers,leaf area index,dry matter,NPK accumulation and transportation and yield of wheat in lime-concreted black soil region.The fertilization schemes included non-fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization(CG),recommended fertilization(TJ),lose-control fertilizer application(KS) and slow-released fertilizer application(HS).The results showed that the number of secondary roots,tillers and leaf area index reached favorable levels at heading stage under HS treatment.The number of secondary roots under HS treatment was significantly higher than those under TJ,CG,KS and CK treatments by 7.2%,19.7%,22.1% and 24.7%,respectively.Compared with CK,CG,TJ and KS treatments,HS treatment increased tiller number by 25.0%,11.1%,11.1% and 20.0%;leaf area index by 39.1%,23.1%,10.3% and 8.5%,respectively.HS treatment promoted accumulation and transportation of NPK and dry matter at middle and later wheat growth stages.It also increased N,P(P2O5) and K(K2O) utilization efficiencies.N,P(P2O5) utilization efficiencies were 43.35%,19.92%,significantly higher than those under CG by 13.66%,8.15%.K(K2O) utilization efficiency was 37.63%,significantly higher than those under CG and TJ by 12.01% and 9.47%,respectively.Wheat yield under HS treatment was 6 424 kg·hm 2,which represented an increase of 71.8%,6.4%,4.5% and 5.3%,respectively,over that under CK,CG,TJ and KS treatments.