单胃动物肠道菌群与宿主肠道免疫系统的互作关系及可能机制

单胃动物的肠道中存在着庞大而复杂的菌群,它们与宿主肠道免疫系统协同进化。肠道细菌及其代谢产物在维持肠道稳态方面发挥着重要的作用。正常的肠道菌群能促进免疫系统发育,参与维持宿主免疫功能,协同拮抗病原菌的增殖和入侵。反过来,宿主肠道免疫系统对肠道菌群又有制约和调控作用,如对正常共生菌表现为免疫耐受,对病原菌表现为免疫排斥。一旦这种动态平衡被破坏,就会导致疾病的发生。本文综述了单胃动物肠道菌群与宿主肠道免疫系统的相互关系,并基于现有的研究结果,对其可能的互作机制做了较为系统的总结。

Interaction between Intestinal Microflora and Intestinal Immune System of Host and Its Possible Mechanisms in Monogastric Animals

The intestinal tract of monogastirc animals harbors large amount of microorganisms with complex species.The intestinal microbes and their metabolites coevolve with the intestinal immune system of host.These microbes and their metabolites play an important role in maintaining hosts' intestinal homeostasis.Accumulating evidences indicated that normal microflora could promote the development of immune system and regulate the maintaining of immunologic function of host, as well as co-resist the proliferation and invasion of various pathogens.In contrast, the intestinal immune system of host exhibits restrictive and regulatory roles to symbiotic microflora, for examples, immune tolerance to normal flora, or immunological rejection to pathogens.The breakdown of this homeostasis causes the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases of host.Here, we reviewed the interaction between intestinal microflora and the intestinal immune system of host.Based on the results of existing studies, the possible mechanisms were also systemically summarized.