辣木梗叶对奶牛生产性能及血浆生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在探究辣木梗叶替代基础饲粮中50%苜蓿对泌乳奶牛生产性能及血浆生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响。选取8头产后100~150 d,经产,体重、胎次、产奶量相同或相近的健康的荷斯坦奶牛,每4头为1组分为2组进行交叉试验。试验(A)组饲喂用辣木梗叶替代基础饲粮中50%苜蓿的试验饲粮,对照(B)组饲喂基础饲粮。试验分2期进行,每期18 d,其中前15天为预试期,后3天为试验期。采集血样及奶样,并记录干物质采食(DMI)量和产奶量。结果表明:1)与B组相比,A组奶牛的DMI显著增加(P0.05),产奶量有升高的趋势(0.05≤P0.10),且显著提高了乳蛋白率、乳蛋白产量和乳总固形物含量,有降低乳体细胞数的趋势(0.05≤P0.10);2)A组奶牛血浆中胆固醇(CHOL)和甘油三酯(TG)的含量显著低于B组(P0.05),碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性与游离脂肪酸(NEFA)含量有下降的趋势(0.05≤P0.10);3)与B组相比,A组显著提高了奶牛血浆中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及抑制羟自由基能力(P0.05),显著降低了血浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05),显著提高血浆中免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)的含量(P0.05)。因此,辣木梗叶在一定程度上可促进奶牛生产性能的提高,预防乳房炎的发生,改善奶牛血浆生化指标,提高奶牛机体抗氧化能力和免疫功能,可作为优质粗饲料应用于奶牛的生产实践。

Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaves and Peduncles on Production Performance,and Plasma Biochemical,Antioxidant and Immune Indexes in Dairy Cows

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Moringa oleifera leaves and peduncles replaced 50％ alfalfa in basal diet on production performance, plasma biochemical, antioxidant and immune indexes in lactating dairy cows.Eight healthy and multiparous Holstein cows (same or similar in body weight,parity and milk production, at 100 to 150 d after deliver) were allocated to two groups and make a crossover trail.Cows in experimental (A) group were fed diet which Moringa oleifera leaves and peduncles replaced50％ alfalfa in a basal diet, and those in control (B) group were fed the basal diet.There were two periods in this study, and each period had 15 days of pretrial period and 3 days of trail period.Blood and milk samples were collected, and dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production were recorded.The results showed as follows: 1) compared with B group, DMI in A group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and milk production had a tendency to rise (0.05 ≤ P<0.10), and A group significantly improved milk protein rate, milk protein yield and milk total solid content, while milk somatic cell count had a tendency to decrease (0.05 ≤ P<0.10);2) the contents of cholesterol (CHOL) and triglyceride (TG) in plasma of A group were significantly lower than those of B group (P<0.05), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA) content of A group had tendencies to decrease (0.05 ≤ P<0.10);3) compared with B group, A group not only significantly improved total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and inhibition of hydroxyl radical capacity in plasma (P< 0.05), significantly decreased the content of malonaldehyde (MDA) in plasma (P <0.05), and significantly increased plasma content of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (P<0.05).In conclusion,Moringa oleifera leaves and peduncles can promote the improvement of production performance of dairy cows to a certain extent, prevent the happening of mastitis, and improve plasma biochemical indexes, antioxidant function and immune function, and can be applied in production practice of dairy cows as a high quality roughage.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2017, 29 (2) : 628-635]