发酵菜籽粕对肉鸡生长性能、营养物质消化吸收及肉品质的影响

本试验以发酵菜籽粕等氮替代不同比例豆粕,研究其对肉鸡生长性能、营养物质消化吸收及肉品质的影响。选取200只7日龄健康爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,每组设置5个重复,每个重复10只鸡(公母各占1/2)。A组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;B、C、D组为试验组,分别用发酵菜籽粕等氮替代基础饲粮中15%、35%和50%的豆粕进行饲喂。试验从7日龄开始,至42日龄结束。结果显示:1)7~42日龄阶段,C、D组平均日增重均极显著低于A组(P0.01),料重比均极显著高于A组(P0.01),同时C组的平均日采食量极显著高于A组(P0.01);B组的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比与A组差异不显著(P0.05)。2)42日龄时,B、C、D组肠道食糜pH较A组分别下降1.57%(P0.01)、1.41%(P0.01)、0.16%(P0.05);B、C、D组肠道食糜黏度较A组分别下降4.17%(P0.05)、4.17%(P0.05)、1.67%(P0.05)。42日龄时,与A组相比,B组蛋白质表观消化率、能量表观消化率、脂肪表观消化率显著或极显著上升(P0.05或P0.01),而C、D组蛋白质表观消化率、脂肪表观消化率则显著或极显著下降(P0.05或P0.01)。3)与A组比,各试验组胸肌的pH_(45 min)、pH_(24 h)出现不同程度的下降,但B组pH_(24 h)与A组差异不显著(P0.05);与A组相比,B组胸肌的亮度(L~*)值极显著提高(P0.01),红度(a~*)、黄度(b~*)值则极显著降低(P0.01);各试验组胸肌的滴水损失极显著低于A组(P0.01);B、C组胸肌的剪切力极显著低于A组(P0.01);B、C、D组胸肌的肌苷酸含量较A组分别提高2.55%(P0.01)、0.66%(P0.05)、0.21%(P0.05)。综上,发酵菜籽粕等氮替代肉鸡饲粮中15%的豆粕对生长性能无负面影响,同时还可促进肉鸡对营养物质的消化吸收并改善肉品质。

Effect of Fermented Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance,Nutrient Digestion and Absorption and Meat Quality of Broilers

In this experiment, equal-nitrogen replacing different proportions of soybean meal with fermented rapeseed meal to study the effects of fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance, nutrient digestion and absorption and meat quality of broilers. Two hundred 7-day-old healthy Arbor Acres ( AA) broilers were ran-domly allocated to four groups with five replicates in each group and ten broilers in each replicate ( half male and half female) . Broilers in group A ( control group) were fed a basal diet, while those in test groups were fed the basal diet with 15% ( group B) , 35%( group C) and 50% ( group D) soybean mean equal-nitrogen replaced by fermented rapeseed meal, respectively. The trial began at 7 days of age and ended at 42 days of age. The results showed as follows:at the age of 7 to 42 days, the average daily gain ( ADG) of groups C and D was extremely significantly lower than that of group A ( P<0.01) , the feed/gain ( F/G) of groups C and D was extremely significantly higher than that of group A ( P<0.01) , and the average daily feed intake ( ADFI) of group C was extremely significantly higher than that of group A (P<0.01), while the ADG, ADFI and F/G of group B had no significant differences compared with group A (P>0.05). 2)At the age of 42 days, the intestinal chyme pH of groups B ,C and D was decreased by 1.57% (P<0.01), 1.41% (P<0.01) and 0.16% ( P>0.05) , respectively;the intestinal chyme viscosity of groups B ,C and D was decreased by 4.17%( P<0.05) , 4.17% ( P<0.05) and 1.67%( P>0.05) , respectively. At the age of 42 days, the apparent digest-ibility of protein, the apparent digestibility of fat and the apparent digestibility of energy of group B were sig-nificantly or extremely significantly higher than those of group A ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) , while the apparent di-gestibility of protein and the apparent digestibility of fat of groups C and D were significantly or extremely sig-nificantly lower than those of group A (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 3) The chest muscle pH45 min and pH24 h of test groups had decreased to varying degrees compared with group A, and the pH24 h of group B had no significant difference compared with group A ( P>0.05) . Compared with group A, the chest muscle lightness ( L?) value of group B was extremely significantly increased( P<0.01) , while the redness ( a?) and yellowness ( b?) of group B were extremely significantly decreased ( P<0.01) . The chest muscle dripping loss of test groups was extremely significantly lower than that of group A ( P<0.01);the chest muscle shearing force of groups B and C was extremely significantly lower than that of group A ( P<0.01); the chest muscle inosinic acid ( IMP) content of groups B, C and D was increased by 2.55% ( P<0.01) , 0.66%( P>0.05) and 0.21% ( P>0.05) compared with group A, respectively. It is concluded that equal-nitrogen replacement of 15% soybean meal with fermented rapeseed meal in diet of broilers has no negative effect on growth performance, and can im-prove nutrient digestion and absorption and meat quality of broilers.