丝兰提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清抗氧化和免疫指标、粪便中氮磷排放量及微生物数量的影响

本试验旨在研究添加丝兰提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清抗氧化和免疫指标、粪便中氮磷排放量及微生物数量的影响,以确定仔猪饲粮中丝兰提取物的适宜添加水平。试验选择120头28日龄、体重(8.00±0.46)kg的健康"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,随机分为5个组,每个组4个重复,每个重复6头。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ~Ⅴ组分别在基础饲粮中添加90、120、150、180 mg/kg丝兰提取物。试验期28 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,Ⅲ组的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)极显著提高(P0.01),料重比(F/G)显著降低(P0.05);Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组的腹泻率显著或极显著降低(P0.05或P0.01)。2)与对照组相比,Ⅲ组血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著提高(P0.05)。各组间血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著差异(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,Ⅲ组血清一氧化氮(NO)含量显著提高(P0.05),一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活性极显著提高(P0.01);Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著提高(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,Ⅲ组胸腺指数显著提高(P0.05)。各组间脾脏指数无显著差异(P0.05)。5)与对照组相比,Ⅳ组粪便中总氮含量显著降低(P0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组粪便中氨态氮含量显著降低(P0.05)。各组间粪便中总磷含量无显著差异(P0.05)。6)与对照组相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组粪便中大肠杆菌数量显著减少(P0.05)。各组间粪便中总需氧菌和乳酸杆菌数量无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,建议丝兰提取物在仔猪饲粮中的适宜添加水平为120 mg/kg。

Effects of Yucca schidigera Extract on Growth Performance,Serum Antioxidant and Immune Indexes,Fecal Nitrogen and Phosphorus Emission and Microorganism Number of Weaner Piglets

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of Yucca schidigera extract on growth per-formance, serum antioxidant and immune indexes, fecal nitrogen and phosphorus emission and microorganism number of weaner piglets, and to found the optimal supplemental level of Yucca schidigera extract for piglets. A total of 120 twenty-eight-day-old weaner piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Large) with the body weight of (8.00± 0.46) kg were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates per group and 6 piglets per replicate. The con-trol group ( groupⅠ) was fed a basal diet, and the groupsⅡ toⅤ were fed the basal diet supplemented with 90, 120, 150 and 180 mg/kg Yucca schidigera extract, respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, the average daily gain ( ADG) and average daily feed intake ( ADFI) of groupⅢwere significantly increased ( P<0.01) , the feed to gain ratio ( F/G) of group Ⅲwas significantly decreased ( P<0.05) , and the diarrhea rate of groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤwas significant-ly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 2) Compared with the control group, the catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activities and total antioxidant capacity ( T-AOC) in serum of group Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference on glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in serum among all groups ( P>0.05) . 3) Compared with the control group, the serum nitric oxide ( NO) content of group Ⅲ was significantly increased ( P<0.05) , and the serum nitric oxide synthase ( NOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase in plasma ( iNOS) activities of groupⅢwere signif-icantly increased ( P<0.01) , the serum immunoglobulin G content of groups Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ was significantly increased ( P<0.05) . 4) Compared with the control group, the thymus index of groupⅢ was significantly in-creased ( P<0.05) . There was no significant difference on spleen index among all groups ( P>0.05) . 5) Com-pared with the control group, the fecal total nitrogen content of group Ⅳ was significantly decreased ( P<0.05), the fecal ammonia nitrogen content of groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly decreased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference on fecal total phosphorus content among all groups (P>0.05). 6) Com-pared with the control group, the fecal Escherichia coli number of groupsⅢandⅣwas significantly decreased ( P<0.05) . There were no significant difference on fecal total aerobic bacteria and Lactobacillus number among all groups ( P>0.05) . In conclusion, under this experiment condition, the dietary optimal supplemental level of Yucca schidigera extract for piglets is 120 mg/kg.