饲粮减少矿物元素对育肥猪生长性能、肉品质、血清生化指标以及骨骼肌矿物元素含量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中减少铁、锰、锌、镁和铜5种矿物元素添加量对育肥猪后期生长性能、肉品质、血清生化指标以及骨骼肌矿物元素含量的影响。选用体况良好、体重接近(76.17±1.58)kg]的"杜×长×大"三元杂交育肥猪300头,随机分成3个组,每组10个重复,每个重复10头猪,公母各占1/2。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮基础上减少30%或60%矿物元素的饲粮。预试期3 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)饲粮减少30%和60%矿物元素对育肥猪的生长性能和肉品质无显著影响(P0.05);2)饲粮减少30%和60%矿物元素,育肥猪血清氨含量显著升高(P0.05);减少60%矿物元素显著降低血清中总胆固醇的含量(P0.05),同时有降低血清总蛋白含量的趋势(P0.10);3)饲粮减少30%矿物元素对育肥猪骨骼肌中各矿物元素含量并无显著影响(P0.05),而减少60%矿物元素使得骨骼肌铜、铁和锰元素含量显著降低(P0.05)。由此得知,育肥猪饲粮中铁、锰、锌、镁和铜元素的含量可减少NRC(2012)推荐量的30%,而不会影响育肥猪后期的生长性能和肉品质。

Effects of Reducing Dietary Trace Mineral Elements on Growth Performance,Meat Quality,Serum Biochemical Indices and Mineral Content in Skeletal Muscle Tissue of Finishing Pigs

This study was conducted to determine the effects of reducing dietary trace mineral elements such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Mg and Cu on growth performance, meat quality and serum biochemical indices and mineral content in skeletal muscle tissue of finishing pigs.A total of 300 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace×Large White)finishing pigs with initial body weight of (76.17±1.58) kg were allotted to 3 groups with 10 replicates and 10pigs in each replicate (half male and half female).Pigs in the control group were fed a basal diet, and in experimental groups were fed basal diets with 30％ and 60％ reduction of the trace mineral elements.The trial lasted for 30 days after 3 days of adaption.The results showed as follows : compared with control group, 1) no significant differences were observed in growth performance or meat quality of pigs by reducing 30％ and 60％trace mineral elements (P>0.05).2) 30％ and 60％ reduction of the mineral elements significantly increased serum ammonia content (P<0.05), while 60％ reduction significantly decreased serum total cholesterol content(P<0.05) and tended to decrease serum total protein content (P<0.10) of pigs.3) Meanwhile, the 30％ reduction did not significantly affect the contents of trace mineral elements in skeletal muscle tissue of finishing pigs (P>0.05), but for the 60％ reduction, the contents of Cu, Fe and Mn were decreased significantly (P<0.05).In conclusion, it is available that a dietary level of Fe, Mn, Zn, Mg and Cu can be reduced by 30％based on the NRC (2012) requirement with no negative effects on the growth performance or meat quality of finishing pigs.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2017, 29 (2) : 597-604]