猪内源氨产生机制及其营养调控措施

猪内源氨产生过量对动物危害甚大,能引发多种炎症、抑制生长性能、降低免疫力、造成贫血和组织缺氧、丧失食欲,同时还能产生严重的环境污染。全面了解猪内源氨产生机制,并采取相应的营养调控减排措施从根本上减少氨的排放,对动物健康有着重要的意义。本文首先阐述了饲粮蛋白质降解产氨机制、肠道微生物产氨机制和谷氨酰胺的脱酰氨基作用产氨机制;然后从氨在肝脏和血液中循环过程解释其在体内的代谢过程;最后综述了目前国内外有关猪内源氨的营养调控措施,包括降低饲粮蛋白质水平、添加植物提取物和益生菌,以期为减少环境中氨的浓度及提高猪的生长性能提供理论依据。

Production Mechanism and Nutritional Regulation Control Measures of Endogenous Ammonia in Pigs

Endogenous ammonia, which is very harmful to pigs when overdose, can cause a variety of inflam?mation, inhibit growth, reduce immunity, result in anemia and tissue hypoxia, loss of appetite, produce seri?ous environmental pollution. A comprehensive understanding of pigs' endogenous ammonia production metab?olism, and application of some appropriate nutritional control measures for reducing emission of ammonia have an important practical significance to pigs health. In this paper, we explained mechanism of degradation of am?monia in diet, mechanism of intestinal ammonia from microbial fermentation and deamination of glutamine, then explained metabolic process of ammonia in liver and blood circulation, and summarized current nutritional control measures related to pig endogenous ammonia, including reducing level of crude protein in diet, adding plant extracts and probiotics, for the purpose of providing theoretical basis for reducing ammonia content in en?vironment and improving growth performance of pigs.