芪楂口服液药渣发酵前后对断奶仔猪结肠微生物、代谢产物及细胞因子表达的影响

为了探讨中药渣用于断奶仔猪养殖的可行性,比较研究了芪楂口服液药渣发酵前后对断奶仔猪结肠微生态和健康的影响。试验选用21日龄断奶仔猪120头,随机分为空白对照组、芪楂口服液药渣组(添加5kg/t芪楂口服液药渣)、发酵芪楂口服液药渣组(添加5kg/t发酵芪楂口服液药渣)和阳性对照组(添加0.04kg/t维吉尼亚霉素+0.2kg/t硫酸黏杆菌素+3 000mg/kg氧化锌),每组5个重复,每个重复6头。于试验第28天,分别取结肠内容物及其组织,测定微生物数量、代谢产物含量以及细胞因子mRNA表达量。结果表明:芪楂口服液药渣组和发酵芪楂口服液药渣组的7种细菌及总细菌数量与空白对照组相比均无显著差异(P0.05),白细胞介素(IL)-12mRNA表达量显著低于2个对照组(P0.05),吲哚含量显著低于阳性对照组(P0.05);发酵芪楂口服液药渣组乙酸、丁酸、戊酸、异丁酸、直链脂肪酸和总短链脂肪酸含量以及结肠组织IL-4mRNA表达量显著低于芪楂口服液药渣组(P0.05);阳性对照组粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子mRNA表达量显著高于、梭菌ⅩⅣa和双歧杆菌数量显著低于空白对照组(P0.05)。综上所述,芪楂口服液药渣可增加断奶仔猪结肠短链脂肪酸含量,调节结肠细胞因子表达;芪楂口服液药渣发酵前后均不影响肠道菌群稳态,但抗生素和氧化锌会影响仔猪肠道菌群的稳态;微生物发酵未增强芪渣口服液药渣对肠道微生物代谢的改善作用。

Effects of Qi-Zha Oral Solution Residues and Their Fermented Product on Microbes,Microbial Metabolites and Cytokine Expression in Colon of Weaned Piglets

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of Qi-Zha oral solution residues (QOR) and their fermented product on colon micro-ecology and health of weaned piglets,to explore the feasibility of dietary supplementation with herbal residues in piglet production.A total of 120 piglets weaned at 21 days of age were randomly assigned to one of four groups with 5 replicates per group and 6 piglets per replicate,representing blank control group,QOR group (supplementing 5 kg/t QOR),fermented QOR group (supplementing 5 kg/t fermented QOR),and positive control group (supplementing 0.04 kg/t virginiamycin,0.2 kg/t colistin and 3 000 mg/kg zinc oxide).At day 28 of the experiment,the colonic tissue and its content were collected respectively,for determining the amount of microbes,contents of microbial metabolites and mRNA expression levels of cytokines.The results showed that dietary QOR or fermented QOR did not significantly affect the amounts of seven tested bacteria and total bacteria compared with the blank control group (P>0.05),while significantly decreased the expression level of interleukin (IL)-12 mRNA compared with the two control groups (P<0.05),and significantly decreased indole content compared with the positive control group (P<0.05).Dietary fermented QOR significantly decreased the contents of acetate,butyrate,valerate,isobutyrate,straight chain fatty acids and total short chain fatty acids (P<0.05),as well as the expression level of IL-4 mRNA,when compared with the QOR group (P<0.05).The expression level of granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor mRNA was significantly increased (P<0.05),while the amounts of Bacteroidetes and Clostridium cluster ⅩⅣa were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the positive control group when compared with the blank control group.Collectively,these findings suggest that the QOR can increase the contents of short chain fatty acids in colonic content and regulate the colon cytokine expression of weaned piglets;antibiotics and zinc oxide,not QOR or fermented QOR,affect the balance of intestinal microflora;the microbe fermentation doesn''t enhance the improvement of QOR on intestinal microbe metabolism.