饲料或养殖水体中添加地衣芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和免疫力的影响

本试验通过2个子试验来研究饲料或养殖水体中添加地衣芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和免疫力的影响。2个子试验所用凡纳滨对虾的初始均重均为1.06 g左右。在试验1中,5组对虾分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0(D1组,作为空白对照组)、0.3(D2组)、3.0(D3组)、30.0 mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌(D4组)和80.0 mg/kg益生菌A(为市售复合益生菌制剂;D5组,作为阳性对照组)的5种试验饲料;在试验2中,4组对虾全部投喂试验1中D1组饲料,并在试验开始前向1 m×1 m×1 m水泥池(有效水深0.7 m)的水体中分别投入0(d1组,即D1组)、0.4(d2组)、4.0 mg地衣芽孢杆菌(d3组)和40.0 mg益生菌B(为市售复合益生菌净水剂;d4组,作为阳性对照组),此后每隔7 d再分别补充0、0.2、2.0 mg地衣芽孢杆菌和20.0 mg益生菌B。每组均设6个水泥池,每个水泥池放养80尾对虾。试验1和试验2饲养时间均为8周。试验1结果表明:D1~D4组对虾的终末均重显著高于D5组(P0.05),但D1~D4组之间没有显著差异(P0.05);D2组对虾的增重率和特定生长率显著高于D5组(P0.05)但与D1、D3和D4组没有显著差异(P0.05);D2、D3、D4组对虾的饲料系数显著低于D1组(P0.05),但与D5组没有显著差异(P0.05);D4组对虾的成活率显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。对虾肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在D2和D5组较高,且显著高于其他各组(P0.05);对虾肝胰腺总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)在D4组最高,且显著高于其他各组(P0.05);对虾肝胰腺丙二醛(MDA)含量随着饲料中地衣芽孢杆菌添加量的增加而降低,以D4组对虾肝胰腺MDA含量最低,且显著低于D1、D2、D3组(P0.05),但与D5组没有显著差异(P0.05)。试验2结果表明:养殖水体中补充地衣芽孢杆菌对对虾的终末均重、增重率、特定生长率和饲料系数均没有产生显著影响(P0.05);d3组对虾肝胰腺碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、SOD活性和T-AOC最高,且显著高于其他各组(P0.05);d2组对虾肝胰腺溶菌酶(LZM)活性最高,且显著高于其他各组(P0.05);d1组对虾肝胰腺MDA含量最高,且显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。上述结果表明,地衣芽孢杆菌无论是添加在饲料中还是泼洒在养殖水体中都能提高凡纳滨对虾的免疫力;综合考虑凡纳滨对虾的生长性能和免疫力,地衣芽孢杆菌在饲料或养殖水体中的添加效果优于益生菌A或益生菌B;综合试验1和试验2的结果,地衣芽孢杆菌在凡纳滨对虾饲料中的添加量应控制在0.3~3.0 mg/kg。

Effects of Adding Baclicus lincheniformi to Diet or Aquaculture Water on Growth Performance and Immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei

Two trials were conducted to investigate the effects of adding Baclicus lincheniformi to diet or aqua-culture water on growth performance and immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei. The average initial body weight of Litopenaeus vannamei in the two trials was about 1.06 g. In trial 1, shrimps in five groups were fed five ex-perimental diets with different levels of Baclicus lincheniformi or probiotics A ( D1 group, as blank control group: not adding probiotics; D2 group: adding 0. 3 mg/kg Baclicus lincheniformi; D3 group: adding 3.0 mg/kg Baclicus lincheniformi; D4 group: adding 30.0 mg/kg Baclicus lincheniformi; D5 group, as posi-tive control group: adding 80. 0 mg/kg probiotics A, probiotics A was market complex-probiotics-prepara-tion) . In trial 2, shrimps in four groups were all fed the diet of D1 group in trial 1. Before the trial started, added 0 (d1 group, that was D1 group), 0.4 (d2 group), 4.0 mg Baclicus lincheniformi (d3 group) and 40.0 mg probiotics B ( probiotics B was market complex-probiotics-water purifying agent; d4 group, as posi-tive control group) to the aquaculture water in concrete tank (1 m×1 m×1 m, and effective water depth was 0.7 m), and then added 0, 0.2, 2.0 mg Baclicus lincheniformi and 20.0 mg probiotics B to the aquaculture water every 7 days, respectively. Each group had six concrete tanks and each concrete tank had eighty shrimps. The feeding time of trials 1 and 2 were all 8 weeks. The results of trial 1 were showed as follows:the final av-erage body weight ( FBW) of shrimps from D1 to D4 groups was significantly higher than that from D5 group ( P<0.05) , and no significant differences were found among D1 to D4 groups ( P>0.05) . The specific growth ratio ( SGR) and weight gain rate ( WGR) of shrimps from D2 group were significantly higher than those from D5 group (P<0.05), but without significant differences compared with D1, D3 and D4 groups (P>0.05). The feed conversion ratio ( FCR) of shrimps from D2, D3 and D4 groups was significantly lower than that from D1 group ( P<0.05) , but without significant difference compared with D5 group ( P>0.05) . The surviv-al rate (SR) of shrimps from D4 group was significantly higher than that from other groups (P<0.05). The hepatopancreas superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity of shrimps from D2 and D5 groups was higher, and sig-nificantly higher than that from other groups ( P<0. 05 ) . The hepatopancreas total antioxidant capacity ( T-AOC) of shrimps from D4 group was the highest, and significantly higher than that from other groups ( P<0.05). The hepatopancreas malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased with the dietary Baclicus lincheni-formi supplemental amount increasing, the hepatopancreas MDA content from D4 group was the lowest, and significantly lower than that from D1, D2 and D3 groups (P<0.05), but without significant difference com-pared with D5 group ( P>0.05) . The results of trial 2 showed as follows:adding Baclicus lincheniformi to aq-uaculture water had no significant effects on FBW, WGR, SGR and FCR ( P<0.05) . The hepatopancreas al-kaline phosphatase ( AKP) , SOD activities and T-AOC of shrimps from d2 group were the highest, and signif-icantly higher than those from other groups ( P<0. 05). The hepatopancreas lysozyme ( LZM) activity of shrimps from d2 group was the highest, and significantly higher than that of shrimps from other groups ( P<0.05) . The hepatopancreas MDA content of shrimps from d1 group was the highest, and significantly higher than that of shrimps from other groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, the Baclicus lincheniformi can improve the immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei by means of adding Baclicus lincheniformi to diet or aquaculture water;the Baclicus lincheniformi adding to diet or aquaculture water has better effect than probiotics A or probiotics B with considering the growth performance and immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei; moreover, the supplemental amount of Baclicus lincheniformi in the diet of Litopenaeus vannamei should be controlled to 0.3 to 3.0 mg/kg base on consider the results of trials 1 and 2.