Immunolocalization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pepper mild mottle virus</Emphasis> in developing seeds and seedlings of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Capsicum annuum</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | Yoshikatsu Genda Kyoko Sato Osamu Nunomura Tetsuo Hirabayashi Shinya Tsuda |
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Institution: | (1) Japan Horticultural Production and Research Institute, Matsudo Chiba, 270-2221, Japan;(2) Department of Plant Pathology, National Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba Ibaraki, 305-8666, Japan; |
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Abstract: | The location of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) within seeds as they developed on inoculated seedlings of pepper (Capsicum annuum) was followed over time by detecting the viral coat protein using immunofluorescence microscopy. Seedlings were inoculated
with PMMoV when the flower buds on the first and second branching nodes were in bloom. Fluorescence indicating the presence
of PMMoV was first observed around immature seeds and placentas in the ovaries on the fourth branching node at 20 days post-anthesis
(20 DPA), which corresponded to 39 days post-inoculation (39 DPI). The area with fluorescence gradually expanded from the
placenta into the integument and the parenchyma, and finally reached the tip of the immature seeds by 34 DPA (53 DPI). The
embryo or endosperm beyond the endothelium never fluoresced during the experiment i.e., ending at 81 DPA (102 DPI)]. For
visualizing viral routes of invasion from seeds into new seedlings, PMMoV-infected C. annuum seeds that were heterozygous for the L
3
tobamovirus-resistance gene were sown in soil at 30°C. After ~2 weeks, the cotyledon developed virally induced necrosis.
These findings shed light on the infection cycle of PMMoV through vertical transmission in C. annuum. |
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