玉米雌穗一节多穗性状的遗传研究

以玉米自交系XL21和PH6WC组成的6世代群体为材料,调查各群体同一穗位处果穗数量。利用P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂、BC₁和BC₂多世代联合分析法,研究控制玉米一节多穗性状的基因分离规律。结果表明,该性状在F₂分离世代表现为斜率负值的直线分布,BC₁群体主要呈类似于偏正态分布,BC₂群体呈类似于反比例函数分布。通过群体AIC值进行适合性检验,该性状符合一对加-显主基因+加-显-上位性多基因遗传D模型,主基因效应大于多基因效应,且加性效应大于显性效应,主基因遗传率为49.5%～60.2%,多基因遗传力为27.4%～41.1%,两者累加贡献率达到87.6%～90.6%。控制玉米一节多穗性状以加性效应为主,在遗传育种中针对该性状对早代试材进行重点选择和淘汰。

Genetics Study of Maize One Internode More Ears Traits

Six generations of maize inbred lines from XL21 and PH6WC were crossed as the research materi-als, more ears number of each group were investigated on the same ear location, P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, BC₁ and BC₂ were used to study the inheritance of maize more ears trait with joint analysis of multiple generations. The results showed that, maize ears trait showed the slope negative linear distribution in the F₂ population, similar to a skewed normal distri-bution in the BC₁, and the distribution of inverse function in BC₂ populations. It fitted the D model of a pair of addi-tive-dominance-epitasis major gene plus additive-dominance-epitasis polygene through the group AIC value fit test. The main genetic effects were more than polygenic effects, and additive effect was greater than the dominant ef-fect, the major gene heritability was between 49.5% and 60.2%, the polygene heritability was between 27.4% and 41.1%, the accumulative contribution rate was 87.6%-90.6%. More ears traits were controlled priority to with addi-tive effect, it suggested to be focused on the early generation of material selection and choice on maize breeding.