台湾农村生活废水之水质特性及其影响研究

本研究之目的乃以桃园灌区农村生活废水为对象，调查其水质特性受季节变化之影响等，并与桃园大圳第二支线上游之灌溉水质进行比较。结果显示，农村生活废水的各项水质浓度与社区户数间并没有一致性存在，而是与社区规划、社区生活形态有关。其中，若因洗车、花园浇灌水等的稀释作用较小时，社区生活废水的化学需氧量约为 159～563mg/L、总氮 15～68mg/L，总磷 0.6～5.7mg/L。在季节变化的影响方面，发现生活废水中的 pH值乃随雨季初期→中期→末期而逐渐降低；电导度、生化需氧量、有机氮、凯氏氮及总氮的平均污染浓度则随雨季初期→中期→末期的顺序而升高；至于化学需氧量、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮及总磷，是以雨季中期之污染值最高。最后，研究指出，农村生活废水的污染浓度非常高，其中，电导度是桃园大圳第二支线上游灌溉水质的 2.2倍，化学需氧量为 22.5倍，生化需氧量 45.6倍，氨氮 2.2倍，有机氮 122.4倍，凯氏氮 44.0倍，亚硝酸盐氮 2.4倍，总氮 14.3倍及总磷 128.3倍。因此，若不慎将生活废水排入灌溉水道，将严重影响灌溉水的品质。

Evaluation of Water Quality and Influence from Domestic Wastewater

The objective of this study is to evaluate the water characteristics and season effects of domestic wastewater in farm irrigation system,Tao-Yuan agricultural zone,Taiwan,and to compare with the irrigation waterfrom upperstream of the second branch,Tao-Yuan channel. The results showed that the number of community family has no any relationship with the water characteristics of domestic wastewater at all,and the primary factors of influence are the personal and community life pattern.When the dilution effects of washing cars and garden wa-tering are negligible,the chemical oxygen demand ofdomestic wastewater is approximately 159～563 mg/L,total nitrogen is 15～68mg /L,and total phosphorus is 0.6～5.7mg/L. The effects of season on domestic wastewater indicated that pH values decreased gradually from initial-,middle-,to finalwet season.The mean concentrations of conductivity,biochemical oxygen demand,organic nitrogen,total kjeldahl nitrogen,and total nitrogen deteriorated in order of initial-,middle-,and finalwet season.In addition,the highestconcentrations contaminated of chemical oxygen demand,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,and total phosphorus located on the middle-wet season.Finally,this study exhibited that the polluted concentrations of domestic wastewater from farm village are correspondingly considerable,among others,conductivity is about 2.2 times that of the irrigation water from upper-stream of the second branch,Tao-Yuan channel,chemical oxygen demand is 22.5 times,and biochemical oxygen demand is 45.6 times.The others are ammonia nitrogen 2.2 times,organic nitrogen 122.4 times,total kjeldahl nitrogen 44.0 times,nitrite nitrogen 2.4 times,total nitrogen 14.3 times,and total phosphorus 128.3 times,respectively.Consequently,discharged the domes-tic wastewater carelessly into agricultural irrigation channel,the water quality of irrigation water will be a serious contamination.