燕麦孢囊线虫在两个小麦品种上的侵染特征比较

为明确小麦有芒品种鲁麦21和无芒品种济南17对燕麦孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae,Ha)平度群体侵染的反应差异,于2014-2015年小麦生长季开展田间小区试验。通过小区定期取样、土壤中线虫分离和根组织中线虫染色后镜检,测定2个小麦品种上Ha不同虫态群体密度及其动态变化。结果表明,鲁麦21与济南17的Ha 2龄幼虫的土壤孵出量和根系侵入量基本无差异。济南17上Ha 3龄幼虫和4龄幼虫的发生量较多,分别是鲁麦21的1.6倍和1.5倍。济南17上Ha的白色雌虫发生量明显较少,低于鲁麦21的1/3。济南17上Ha的繁殖系数(P_f/P_i)为0.6,仅为鲁麦21的1/3。依据繁殖系数评价,济南17抗病,鲁麦21感病。推测济南17既不抑制孵化,也不抑制发育,其抗性属抗繁殖(抗雌虫形成)类型。

Comparison of Infection Characteristics of Heterodera avenae on Two Wheat Cultivars

In order to detect the response differences between bearded wheat cultivar Lumai 21 and beardless wheat cultivar Jinan 17 to the infection by Pingdu population of Heterodera avenae (Ha),a field plot trial was carried out in wheat growing season of 2014-2015. The population densities and dynamics of the different developmental stages of Ha were ascertained through the periodical sampling from the plots and the microscopic examination of the juveniles,white females and cysts extracted from soil and the juveniles stained in wheat root. The results showed that there were basically no differences in the quantities of the 2nd stage juvenile emerged into soil and invaded into root between Lumai 21 and Jinan 17. The occurrence quantities of the 3rd stage juvenile and 4th stage juvenile were both greater on Jinan 17,being 1.6 and 1.5 times of those on Lumai 21,respectively. The occurrence quantity of Ha white female was obviously smaller on Jinan 17,less than 1/3 of that on Lumai 21. The reproduction factor (P_f/P_i) was 0.6 on Jinan 17,only being 1/3 of that on Lumai 21. Using the reproduction factor as the evaluation index of resistance,Jinan 17 was resistant to Pingdu population of Ha,but Lumai 21 was susceptible. Based on the results,it could moreover be proposed that Jinan 17 was of neither hatch inhibiting nor penetration inhibiting,of which the resistance might belong to reproducing-resistant (female forming-resistant) type.