新疆降水丰、旱特点及水资源的稳定度

通过205个气象、水文站的25年资料计算,得到新疆年平均降水总量为2425亿立方米,仅占全国降水总量的4%,而面积则占1/6,北疆面积约45万平方公里,年平均降水总量为1150亿立方米,南疆面积约120万平方公里,年平均降水总量1275亿立方米。新疆丰年降水总量为2569亿立方米,枯年降水总量为2340亿立方米。新疆山区年平均降水总量2048亿立方米,占全疆降水总量的84%,平原年平均降水总量为381亿立方米,占全疆降水总量的16%。新疆山区降水变差系数明显小于平原地区,尤其是天山山区其值为0.1—0.2,这与我国南方雨水充沛地区相当。

PRECIPITATION FEATURES AND WATER RESOURCES STABILITY IN XINJIANG

The following conclusions are based on 25-year data from 205 meteorol-ogical and hydrological stations. In Xinjiang, the total of average annual rainfall is 242.5 billion m~3,making up 4% of that of the whole contry,but the area of Xinjiang constitutesthe 6th of the national land area. North Xinjing has 450 thousand km~2 ofland and 115 billion m~3 of total annual rainfall, in South Xinjiang, therelavent numbers are 1200 thousand km~2 and 127.5 billion m~3. Total rain-fall of good year is 256.9 billion m~3, 234 billion m in drier year. In mo-untain area, there is 204.8 billion m~3 of rainfall in one year, accountingfor 84% of whole Xinjiang, in plain area, the precipitation is 38.1 billi-on m~3,the percent is 16%. The precipitation variation coefficient of mo-untain area is much smaller than that of plain, especially in Tianshan,this coefficient is only 0 1--0.2,equal to south China with rich rainfall.