棉田栽培系统蜘蛛群落动态的初步观察

在湘北沅水下游的平原集中棉区,蜘蛛在棉虫捕食性天敌中占80.67％,其种类已知6科10种。草间小黑蛛为优势种,常见的还有八斑球腹蛛、T-纹豹蛛与食虫瘤胸蛛。本文分析了棉花各生育期的蜘蛛群落组成和数量动态,在棉苗期和蕾期前段,蜘蛛在数量上对棉蚜具有压倒优势,可起有效控制作用。此后由于滥施剧毒农药,蜘蛛群落遭到毁灭性破坏,其数量在整个花铃期处于低水平的不规则波动状态中,无力发挥有效影响。改善冬作物清茬作业和合理用药,是保护棉田蜘蛛资源的两大关键。

A PRILIMINARY STUDY ON, THE DYNAMICS OF SPIDER COMMUNITY IN THE COTTON FIELD CULTURAL SYSTEM

In the cotton growing regions of North Hunan, according to collections and identifications of specimens, there are 10 species of spiders representing 6 families. The commonly known species are Erigonidium graminicolum (Sundevall), Theridion octomaculatum Does, et Str., Pardosa T-insignita (Boes. et Str.) and Oedothorax insecticeps Boes. et Str. The population of Erigonidium graminicolum (Sundevall) is the largest, with wide range of distribution, and has been considered as the species of high potential in the cotton fields.