黑龙江省湿地变化对水禽的影响

黑龙江省位于中国东北部,拥有丰富的湿地资源,总面积达6015 657 hm2,其中,天然湿地为4208173 hm2, 人工湿地1 807 484 hm2。湿地生境中鸟类资源十分丰富,特别是水鸟种类和数量均较多。据统计黑龙江省共有鸟类371种,其中水鸟166种,占黑龙江省鸟类种数的44.74%。近年来环境变化对水禽产生很大影响,主要包括:自然资源开发、人为干扰、环境污染、湿地水位下降、农药毒害等。其中,最主要因素是人为干扰。因此,开展适当的保护措施,如:加强法制建设、自然保护区建设、环境管理、科学研究等可以减少湿地变化对水禽的不利影响。

The Influence of Changes in Wetlands on Waterfowls in Heilongjiang Province, China

Situated in Northeastern China, Heilongjiang Province is rich in wetland resources, with an area amounting to 6 015 657 hm2, natural wetland 4 208 173hm2 constructed wetland 1 807 484hm2. In the wetland habitat, bird resources are very abundant. In Heilongjiang Province, the number of bird species amounts to 371, among them, 166 species are waterfowls, constituting 44.72% of birds in the province. In recent years, environmental changes, such as the natural resource exploitation, human interference, environmental pollution, decrease in waterlevel in wetland, pesticide contamination, greatly and negatively influenced the waterfowl; among them, the human interference was the main factor. Therefore, the development of conservation measures, such as legislation construction, natural reserve construction environmental management and scientific research may reduce the negative influences of wetland changes on the waterfowl.