Factors affecting mummification and sporulation of pome fruit infected by Monilinia fructigena in Dutch orchards |
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Authors: | G. C. M. van Leeuwen,I. J. Holb, M. J. Jeger &dagger |
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Affiliation: | Department of Biological Farming Systems, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 22, 6709 PG Wageningen, the Netherlands;; Department of Plant Protection, Centre of Agricultural Sciences, Debrecen University, PO Box 36, H-4015 Debrecen, Hungary;and; Department of Agricultural Sciences, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Wye, Ashford, Kent TN25 5AH, UK |
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Abstract: | A 2-year field experiment (1997–98, 1998–99) was conducted to study mummification and subsequent sporulation in spring of apple (cvs James Grieve, Golden Delicious) and pear (cv . Conference) fruits infected by Monilinia fructigena . Most mummified fruits were found in James Grieve and Conference, whereas in late-infected Golden Delicious, fruits were still soft when examined in April. In the first year, these late-infected fruits had a significantly higher sporulation intensity per sporulating fruit ( P = 0·05) compared with Golden Delicious fruits infected 9 and 5 weeks before harvest maturity, which were partly mummified. It was concluded that early- and late-infected fruits contributed to primary inoculum in the next season. In a postinfection regime of 25°C and 65–75% relative humidity under controlled conditions, the number of Conference fruits sporulating decreased rapidly, and after 12 weeks' incubation sporulation had completely ceased. After 8 weeks' incubation, sporulation intensity in the postinfection regime at 10°C was significantly higher than that at 20 and 25°C in a first experiment with inoculated unripe fruit ( P = 0·05). Results of a second experiment with ripe fruit were less clear. These results are discussed in relation to orchard disease management. |
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Keywords: | brown rot fungi disease management Monilinia fructigena pome fruits primary inoculum |
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