GDF9/BMP15对卵泡发育的调控

卵母细胞及其紧密连接的卵泡细胞之间的精细调节,促使卵母细胞成熟、受精和胚胎发育.在卵泡发育过程中,除了下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴间的内分泌调节外,卵母细胞源旁分泌或自分泌因子维持发育卵泡内微环境稳态,调节卵母细胞成熟和颗粒细胞增殖.目前发现,这些关键的调控因子主要是TGFβ超家族成员中的生长分化因子-9 （GDF9）和骨形态发生蛋白（BMP15）.GDF9/BMP15主要表达于卵母细胞,是卵泡发育必需的细胞因子.论文综述了GDF9/BMP15的结构特点、表达特性、信号通路及其在卵巢中的生物学作用等研究进展.

Review of Regulatory Functions of GDF9/BMP15 in Follicular Development

A precise coordination between the growth and maturation of the oocyte and adjacent follicular cells is essential to produce an oocyte that is fully competent to undergo fertilization and embryo development. In addition to the critical endocrine signaling pathways among the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary, it is now evident that the oocyte itself is important in influencing the microenvironment of the developing follicle, its own maturation as well as somatic cell proliferation and differentiation. To date, the regulating factors are mostly oocyte-derived growth differentiation factor 9 （GDFg） and bone morpho- genetic protein 15 （BMP15）, members of transforming growth factor ~ （TGF~） superfamily and mostly ex- pressed in oocytes, which are essential for folliculogenesis. This review introduced the advanced informa- tion about the structural and expressive characteristic of GDFg/BMP15 gene, signaling pathway and the biological function in ovaries