常见农药对广西桑蚕品种的毒害性评价研究

首次开展桑园和大田常用的9种化学合成农药、植物源农药、微生物农药对全国推广数量最大的广西桑蚕品种"两广二号"和"桂蚕一号"进行了急、慢性的毒害性测定和综合评价分析。运用SPSS统计软件8种拟合曲线方程计算农药在桑树上的安全间隔期(残毒期),是一种既简便又准确的新方法。从毒理、生理生化、解剖学及生物学方面的研究结果表明:苦参碱、溴氰菊酯、杀虫双和Bt药剂为剧毒或高毒农药;毒死蜱、敌敌畏和锐劲特为中等毒性农药;克螨特和草甘膦为低毒农药。剧毒、中高毒性农药对桑蚕的呼吸生理、体内新陈代谢、组织器官、母蛾产卵量带来种种危害和影响,最终导致蚕茧质次量低。武鸣县蚕农应用这一研究成果,加强蚕桑生产中的农药中毒防控措施,经济效益和社会效益明显提高。

Study of Different Pesticides Toxicity Evaluation on Guangxi Silkworm Varieties

Nine kinds of chemical pesticides, botanical pesticides, and microbial pesticides that are usually used in crops and mulberry field were texted and ＂LangGuang II＂ and ＂GuiCan I＂ silkworm varieties, evaluated comprehensively firstly at a large-scale to which are the most widely varities in China. The acute and chronic toxic and comprehensive assessment has been implemented. The intervals （residue） of 8 pesticides have been calculated in mulberry by using SPSS statistical software fitting curve equation, which is a simple, accurate and rigorous new method. The studies from toxicology, physiology and biochemistry, anatomy and biology shows that Matrine, Decamethrin, Dimehypo and Bt Insecticide are hypertoxic or high toxicity pesticides; Chlorpyrifos, Dichlorphos and Fipronil are middle toxicity pesticides; Propargite and Glyphosate are low toxicity pesticides. The pesticides brought all kinds of hazards and influence upon the respiratory silkworm physiology, metabolism, tissues and organs, female moth fecundity and led to low cocoon quality. These results enriched the theory of silkworm pesticide poisoning, and achieved the advanced national level within the domestic similar research.The silkworm farmers of Wuming County not only improved the preventive measure of pesticide poisoning during sericulture but also led to the obvious development of the economic efficiency and social benefits by applying the achievement dthis investigation.