苏南地区油菜生产技术演变及影响产量的主要因子分析

调查了江苏苏南2个典型市溧阳市和昆山市近30年的油菜生产情况。对30年油菜生产演变及其主要影响因子进行了分析。结果:(1)油菜生产面积都从较小到迅速增加、又趋减少;栽培方式从直播为主到直播与移栽并存,再到稻茬免耕移栽居主体;主体应用品种从"双高"品质常规种为主到低芥酸常规种,再到"双低"常规种与杂交种的逐步更替;单产渐趋提高。(2)生产主体品种的更新应用对提高单产起主要作用,其次是栽培方式。(3)油菜单产水平高低受区域气候环境因素的制约,不同生育阶段间气候因素变化对产量的影响有明显差异,要因地适时采取相对应的技术措施,有利于提高产量。

Evolution of Rapeseed Production Technology and Analysis of Main Factors Affecting Rapeseed Yield in South Jiangsu

The rapeseed production in two typical cities of south Jiangsu(Liyang city and Kunshan city) in recent 30 years was investigated,and the evolution of rapeseed production technology and the main factors affecting rapeseed yield during 30 years were analyzed.The results showed that the area of rapeseed production was small at first,then increased rapidly,and finally reduced gradually.The cultivation mode of rapeseed changed from direct seeding to coexistence of direct seeding and transplanting,and then to no-tillage paddy field transplanting.The main application variety was from "double high" quality conventional variety to low erucic acid conventional variety,and then to gradual application of "double low" quality conventional variety and hybrid variety,their per-unit area yield was gradually enhanced.The updating of the main application varieties played a major role in increasing per-unit area yield,followed by the cultivation mode.The per-unit area yield of rapeseed was also affected by regional climate factors.There was significant difference in the influences of climate factors on rapeseed yield among different growth and developmental stages.So taking corresponding appropriate technical measures according to the local conditions could increase rapeseed yield.