黔北夏白菜“2+X”田间肥效试验

目的]探索黔北区域夏白菜配方施肥技术。方法]2019年夏在遵义市播州区石板镇进行“2+X”试验,研究夏白菜需肥种类、数量及施肥技术。结果]随着施肥量的增加,白菜叶色变深,长势好,各项生物指标均增加,单株产量及单位面积产量以处理⑤(优化氮区)及处理⑥(130%优化氮区)最高,分别为1019.5 g、52917.0 kg/hm²和1050.4 g、53556.0 kg/hm²;产投比以处理⑤(优化氮区)的3.27∶1为最优,处理⑤(优化氮区)纯收入29400.6元/hm²,分别比处理②(农户常规施肥)、处理③(无氮区)、处理④(70%优化氮区)增收6780.0、24339.6、5485.8元/hm²。结论]优化施肥能显著提高白菜产量,增加经济收入,白菜优化施肥量为:清粪水22500 kg/hm²+尿素300 kg/hm²+普钙750 kg/hm²+氯化钾195 kg/hm²,适合白菜种植大面积推广。

Field Experiment on"2+X"Fertilizer Efficiency of Summer Cabbage in Northern Guizhou Province

Objective]The aim of this study was to explore the formula fertilization technology of summer cabbage in northern Guizhou.Method]The"2+X"experiment was conducted in Shiban Town of Zunyi City in the summer of 2019 to study the type,quantity and fertilization technology of summer cabbage.Result]With the increase of fertilizer application rate,the color of cabbage leaves became dark and grew well,and all biological indexes increased.The yield per plant and yield per unit area of treatment⑤(optimized nitrogen area)and treatment⑥(130%optimized nitrogen area)were 1019.5 g,52917.0 kg/hm²and 1050.4 g,53556.0 kg/hm²,respectively.The best ratio of output to input was 3.27∶1 of treatment⑤(optimized nitrogen area).The net income of treatment⑤(optimized N area)was 29400.6 yuan/hm²,which was 6780.0 yuan/hm²,24339.6 yuan/hm²and 5485.8 yuan/hm²higher than that of treatment②(conventional fertilization),treatment③(no nitrogen area)and treatment④(70%optimized nitrogen area).Conclusion]The optimal fertilization rate of Chinese cabbage was 22500 kg/hm²of clear manure water+300 kg/hm²of urea+750 kg/hm²of calcium superphosphate+195 kg/hm²of potassium chloride,which was suitable for Chinese cabbage planting in large area.