氮肥运筹对滴灌春小麦干物质积累及产量特征的调控效应

【目的】研究新疆南疆地区氮素运筹方式对滴灌春小麦干物质积累及产量特征的影响,确定适宜的施氮量、施氮时期及比例,为生产提供依据。【方法】以新春6号和宁2038为材料,采用小区栽培试验开展研究。设置4个施氮水平:N₀(0 kg/hm²)、N₁(104.5 kg/hm²)、N₂(207.0 kg/hm²)和N₃(310.5 kg/hm²),每个施氮水平下设置4个施氮时期:R₁ (100%基肥)、R₂ (60%基肥+40%拔节肥)、(R₃ 40%基肥+40%拔节肥+20%孕穗肥)和R₄ (20%基肥+40%拔节肥+20%孕穗肥+20%灌浆肥)。【结果】两品种花前营养器官干物质的转运量、花前营养器官干物质的转运率及对籽粒的贡献率均以N₃R₄处理最大,花后干物质的积累量均以N₃R₃处理最大,新春6号花后干物质积累量对籽粒的贡献率以N₃R₄处理最大,宁2038以N₃R₃处理最大。在施氮量相同时,R₃处理的穗粒数、千粒质量和产量最大;在施氮时期及比例相同的条件下,产量构成因素及产量以N₃最高,但与N₂处理差异不显著。【结论】在施氮量为310.5 kg/hm²、施氮时期及比例为基肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥=4∶4∶2和基肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥∶灌浆肥=2∶4∶2∶2时,两品种均可获得较高产量,新春6号达1.21~1.26 g/株(折合产量8 511.78~8 930.72 kg/hm²),宁2038达1.09~1.12 g/株(折合产量8 190.62~8 362.59 kg/hm²)。

Regulatory Effects of Nitrogen Application on Dry Matter Accumulation and YieldCharacteristics of Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation

【Objective】 To study the effects of nitrogen management methods on dry matter accumulation and yield characteristics of spring wheat under drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang were studied and determine the suitable nitrogen application amount, time and proportion in the hope of providing basis for production practice. 【Method】Xinchun No. 6 and Ning 2038 were used as materials to carry out plot cultivation experiments. Four nitrogen application levels were set up in this study: N₀ (0 kg/hm²), N₁ (104.5 kg/hm²), N₂ (207.0 kg/hm²) and N₃ (310.5 kg/hm²), and for each level, four nitrogen application periods were set: R1 (100% base fertilizer), R₂ (60% base fertilizer + 40% jointing fertilizer), R3 40% base fertilizer + 40% jointing fertilizer + 20% booting fertilizer, and R₄ (20% base fertilizer +40% jointing fertilizer + 20% booting fertilizer + 20% booting fertilizer). 【Result】N₃R₄ treatment had the largest dry matter transport in pre-anthesis vegetative organs, dry matter transport rate in pre-anthesis vegetative organs and contribution rate to grains, N₃R₃ treatment had the largest dry matter accumulation after anthesis. The contribution rate of dry matter accumulation to grain after anthesis of Xinchun 6 was the largest in N₃R₄ treatment, and that in Ning 2038 was the largest in N₃R₃ treatment. When the amount of nitrogen was the same, the number of grains per panicle, 1,000-grain weight and yield of R₃ treatment were the largest; Under the condition of the same period of nitrogen application and the same proportion, the yield components and yield of N₃ treatment were the highest, but there was no significant difference between R₃ treatment and N₂ treatment.【Conclusion】When the nitrogen application rate was 310.5 kg/hm², and the proportion was base fertilizer: jointing fertilizer: booting fertilizer = 4∶4∶2 and base fertilizer: jointing fertilizer: booting fertilizer: filling fertilizer = 2∶4∶2∶2, both varieties could obtain higher yields, Xinchun No. 6 reached 1.21-1.26 g/plant (converted yield 8,511.78 － 8,930.72 kg/hm²), Ning 2038 reached 1.09－1.12 g/plant (converted yield 8,190.62-8,362.59 kg/hm²).