哈尔滨市生态资产遥感测量评估

生态资产是生态系统生物资源直接价值及生态服务间接价值的综合表征，是国民经济和社会可持续发展的物质基础和保障。综合遥感与地理信息技术，利用遥感影像、土壤、气象及MODIS生态环境数据，构建生态资产遥感测量评估指标体系，评估分析哈尔滨市2000—2010年生态资产变化及时空分布状况。结果表明:1）时间变化表明:两期生态资产总价值降低了21.03亿元，单位面积价值减少了3.96万元/（km²·a）；2）空间分布表明:两期哈尔滨市的生态资产总价值分布都呈现由西向东逐渐增加的态势，其中东部地区最高，西部地区最低；3）生态资产价值构成表明，在两期的生态资产总价值构成中，均遵循相同的规律，即土壤保持价值 > 涵养水源价值 > 空气质量调节价值 > 有机质生产价值 > 养分循环价值。研究成果可以很好地反映区域生态环境质量及其变化状况，可为区域可持续发展评价、生态环境建设规划提供重要依据。

Evaluation of Ecological Assets in Harbin City by the Quantitative Method of Remote Sensing

Ecological asset is a comprehensive characterization of the biological resources direct value of ecological system and the indirect value of ecological services, which is the material basis and guarantee of the national economic and social sustainable development. This paper integrated the remote sensing and geographic information technology to build the ecological asset remote sensing measurement evaluation index system, to evaluate ecological assets of Harbin from 2000 to 2010, and to analyze the change of the ecological asset and the status of the spatiotemporal distribution using remote sensing images, soil, climate and ecological environment of MODIS data. The conclusions are as follows. 1) Temporal changes showed that all the ecological asset values of Harbin city in 2000 and 2010 had reduced 21.03 billion Yuan, the per unit area value had reduced 39.6 thousand Yuan/(km²·a). 2) The spatial distribution showed that the distribution of Harbin ecological asset value gradually increased from the west to the east in 2000 and 2010. Among them, the eastern region was the highest, and the western region was the lowest; 3) the composition of ecological asset value showed that the order was soil conservation value > water conservation value > air quality adjustment value > organic production value > nutrient cycling value in the structure of the ecological asset value in two periods following the same rule. The research results can well reflect the status of regional ecological environment quality and its changes, it can provide important basis for regional sustainable development evaluation and eco-environment construction planning.