林火碳排放研究进展

火是森林生态系统主要的干扰因子, 森林火灾的频繁发生不仅使森林生态系统遭到破坏, 同时也造成了含碳温室气体的大量释放。综述了火烧面积、森林可燃物以及燃烧效率等主要因子对森林火灾排放碳量估计的影响, 分析了这一领域未来研究发展趋势。大量研究表明:1)卫星遥感是估测大尺度上森林过火面积的主要手段, 随着高分辨率卫星的应用, 森林火灾面积的估计精度不断得到提高。目前的研究主要集中于大尺度上林火面积的估计和估算方法的改进。2)遥感数据是目前估计大尺度可燃物燃烧量的有效手段, 利用遥感数据的同时结合有效可燃物计算模型, 运用多元线性与非线性分析结合等方法提高对可燃物燃烧量的估计。3)燃烧效率是决定可燃物消耗量的主要因子, 也是估计森林火灾释放含碳气体量的关键。未来的研究是利用高分辨率的遥感数据, 结合复杂的可燃物计算模型, 更精确地估计林火碳排放。

Research Development of Carbon Emissions from Forest Fires

Fire is a main disturbance factor in most forest ecosystems.Frequent forest fires not only destroy the forest ecosystems,but also emit a great deal of green-house gases.This paper summarizes several important factors which influence forest fire emissions,such as burned area,fuel type,fuel loading and burning efficiency.And it also analyses the trend of fire emissions' researches.Amounts of researches indicate that:(1) Satellite remote sensing is the most important method to estimate burned areas on large scale.The precision of burned areas estimate can be improved by using high-resolution satellites.(2) The method of using remote sensing is a proper and effective way to estimate consumed fuel loadings.Using fuel model and linear and non-linear multi-analysis can improve the estimate of forest fuel consumption.(3) Burning efficiency is an important factor to determine the forest fuel consumption,and fire emissions.The trend of researches on this field is to use high-resolution remote sensing data and combine complex forest fuel model to estimate forest fire emissions accurately.