设施栽培草莓不同施肥方法增铵效果

利用设施栽培草莓,对几种可能的增铵施肥方法进行了研究,结果表明,铵态氮肥撒施可以增加土壤中铵态氮浓度,达26 mg.kg-1,比不施肥处理高160%;提高铵态氮与硝态氮之比,达0.16,比不施肥处理高23%,但铵态氮及硝态氮浓度与2者之比下降很快,铵态氮和硝态氮浓度施肥后2个月分别降至16 mg.kg-1和76 mg.kg-1。腐殖酸钠与铵态化肥混施降低了铵态氮与硝态氮之比,具有较强的保肥能力。袋控缓释肥有效提高了土壤中铵态氮浓度、降低了硝态氮浓度,提高铵态氮与硝态氮之比,且能够长时间保持,铵态氮与硝态氮浓度分别维持在18 mg.kg-1与80mg.kg-1。袋控缓释肥和铵态氮肥添加腐殖酸钠撒施处理都能提高设施草莓产量,以袋控缓释处理产量最高,每666.7 m2产量达1577 kg,但是前期产量以铵态氮肥添加腐殖酸钠撒施处理最高,每666.7 m2产量达620 kg。

Effects of different fertilizing methods on enhancing ammonium for strawberry grown in greenhouse

Experiment was conducted with strawberry cultivated in protected conditions for studying effects of some potential fertilizing methods on enhancing ammonium in culture.Results showed that the soil ammonium N concentration in green-house was prevalently low,and the ratio of NH4+-N/NO3--N was lower than 1 ∶5.The ammonium N concentration could reached 26 mg.kg-1 and increased by 160% compared with CK;the ratio of NH4+-N/NO3--N reached at 0.16 and increased by 23% after the ammonium N fertilizer spread application.Ammonium,nitrogen N concentration and the ratio of NH4+-N/NO3--N were hard to be stable,NH4+-N and NO3--N decreased to 16 mg.kg-1 and 76 mg.kg-1 after spreading fertilizer two months respectively.Humus acid sodium had high ability to absorb ammonium N,but no effect on nitrogen N.Ammonium N fertilizer applied with humus acid sodium decreased the ratio of NH4+-N NO3--N,and humus acid sodium had great ability to protect fertilizer from leaching losses.Bag controlled-release fertilizer increased ammonium N concentration and the ratio of NH4+-N/NO3--N but decreased nitrogen N concentration,and NH4+-N and NO3--N concentration kept steadily at 18 mg.kg-1 and 80 mg.kg-1 after fertilizer was applied.Bag controlled-release fertilizer and ammonium fertilizer applied with humus acid sodium treatments increased greenhouse strawberry yield.Bag controlled-release fertilizer treatment was better than ammonium fer-tilizer applied with humus acid sodium treatment and the yield reached at 1 577 kg per 667 m2,but ammonium fertilizer ap-plied with humus acid sodium treatment got better prophase yield which reached at 620 kg per 667 m2.