高温对玉米籽粒淀粉合成及产量的影响

以农大108和山农3号为试材，采用田间生长箱增温的方法，研究了不同生育时期高温对玉米淀粉合成及产量的影响。结果表明，第1期（出苗后0~28 d）高温处理对玉米的产量没有显著影响，第2期（出苗后29~57 d）和第3期（出苗后58~86 d）高温处理显著降低玉米产量，以第2期对产量的影响最大；同时高温降低1,6-二磷酸酯酶（FBPase）、磷酸蔗糖合成酶（SPS）、蔗糖合成酶（SS）和腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（ADPGPPase）的活性，且以第2期降低的幅度最大；籽粒淀粉含量，以第1期高温处理高于对照，其他2个处理显著低于对照。

Effect of High Air Temperature during Different Growth Stage on Starch Synthesis in Grain and Yield in Maize (Zea mays L.)

The global climate is getting warmer and warmer with the wide use of chemical and petroleum fuels.The experiment was conducted using maize cultivars Nongda 108 and Shannong 3 with the treatments of increased air temperature at three different growing stages in growth-chamber set up in the field condition,and the yield,the content of starch and the activities of the key enzymes in starch synthesis of maize kernels were determined.The results indicated that the first high air temperature treatment at the first stage(028 days after the emergence of seedling) had almost no effect on grain yield,the second one(2957 days after the emergence of seedling) and the third one(5886 days after the emergence of seedling) decreased the yield in maize significantly.Among them,the second one had a sharp decrease in yield,by 23.8% on an average.Meanwhile,high air temperature treatment also decreased the activities of fructose-1,6-diphosphatase(FBPase),sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),starch synthase(SS) and adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosrylase(ADPGPPase),and with the largest decrease in the second high temperature stage.As to the starch content in grains,there were no influence of high air temperature treatment at the 1st stage,and negative influence of high air temperature treatment at the 2nd and 3rd stages.Postponing sowing date and selecting heat-resistant cultivars were suggested to relieve the influence of high air temperature on maize.