不同早实核桃品种物候期观察与低温抗性评价

以2000-2009年新疆阿克苏的气温资料为基础,调查2008-2009年不同早实核桃品种的物候期,分析不同早实核桃品种物候期与气温变化关系,结果表明,2006-2009年较2000-2003年年平均气温增加0.56℃,增温高于全国水平。不同早实核桃品种之间的物候期存在差异,"雌先型"品种温185较新丰的物候期早,"雄先型"品种中扎343较新早丰的物候期早。同一品种不同年份的物候期因温度的季节性变化也存在变化。同一核桃品种的芽开裂、展叶、花期等发育期2009年较2008年有所提前,而果实成熟期发育期延长。温185和新丰的抗寒性较扎343和新早丰强;不同器官的抗寒性为一年生枝条叶芽花芽。

Observation on Phenological Period of Different Precocious Walnut Cultivars and Evaluation of Its Cold Tolerance in Aksu Area of Xinjiang

This paper uses the air temperature data in 2000-2009 in Aksu area of Xinjiang to investigate phenological period of different precocious walnut cultivars in 2008-2009 to analyze the relationships between phenological periond of different precocious walnut cultivars and change of air temperature.The result showed that the annual average air temperature in 2006-2009 was 0.56 ℃ higher than that in 2000-2003,which was higher than that of other places of China.The phenological period between different precocious walnut cultivars was different.Such as that of Wen185 was earlier than that of Xinfeng,the phenological period of Za343 was earlier than that of Xinzaofeng.The air temperature of phenological period of same precocious walnut cultivars also changed with change of seasonal air temperature,compared with 2008,the bud open,leaf open and flowering were advanced in 2009,while the fruit maturity and development stage posponed in 2009.Wen185,Xinfeng have stronger cold resistance than Za343 and Xinzaofeng.The oder of cold tolerance of different apparatus of walnut was：shoot〉leaf bud〉bud.