木荷种子园无性系开花物候及同步性分析

[目的]研究种子园无性系的花期物候特征和花期同步性及影响因子对种子园科学管理具有指导意义。[方法]2015年和2016年连续2 a对木荷无性系种子园中19个无性系进行花期物候调查,分析其开花物候与花期同步指数。[结果]木荷种子园各无性系开花持续时间为10~28 d,2016年较2015年晚2 d进入始花期。相关分析结果表明,开花数多的无性系比开花数少的无性系花期更长、座果数更多,花期持续时间长的无性系比持续时间短的无性系座果数更多。无性系组合间花期同步指数有较大差异,2015年和2016年变化范围分别为0.552~0.857和0.406~0.808,平均分别为0.758和0.713,其中花期同步指数大于0.80的无性系分别在50%和40%以上。年度内花期同步指数变异系数分别为12.016%~46.476%和15.375%~51.202%,无性系之间平均花期同步指数存在极显著变异(P0.01)。年度间花期平均同步指数为0.737,平均花期同步指数间不存在显著变异(P0.05)。年度间花期同步指数相关系数为0.229,表明年度间花期同步指数具有一定的相关性,但不显著。[结论]木荷种子园无性系年度间花期同步指数较为稳定,可根据开花物候和花期同步指数对无性系进行筛选和优化,同时辅以人工授粉等措施弥补花期同步性差异,以达到提高种子园种子产量和质量的目的。

Flowering Phenology and Synchronization of Clones among Plant Ages in a Seed Orchard of Schima superba

[Objective] Studying the characteristic of flowering phenology and the variation and stability of flowering synchronization of clones. [Method] Based on data of florescence period and flower number of 19 clones in a seed orchard of Schima superba which entered the stages of normal flowering and seed setting in 2015 and 2016, the flowering phenology and synchronization of each clone were estimated. [Result] The flowering of clones lasted for 10 to 28 days, and the first flowering date in 2016 was 2 days later than 2015. The correlation analysis showed that the clones with more flowers had a longer flowering duration and more fruit set than the clones with fewer flowers, and the longer the flowering duration, the more the fruit set. There were obvious difference of flowering synchronization among parent clone combinations. The index of flowering synchronization ranged from 0.552 to 0.857 and from 0.406 to 0.808, with an average of 0.758 and 0.713 in 2015 and 2016, respectively. More than 50% clones had a flowering synchronization (C) which greater than 0.8 in 2015, and more than 40% clones had a C value which greater than 0.8 in 2016. The coefficient of variation (CV) of C value ranged from 12.016% to 46.476% and 15.375%-51.202%, respectively, during the year. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was a significant variance of C value among clones during the year at 0.01 level. The average of C value among years was 0.737, and ANOVA analysis showed that there was no significant variance of C value among years at 0.05 level. The coefficient of correlation between 2015 and 2016 was 0.229, indicating that there was a correlation of C value among years, but it was not significant. [Conclusion] The C value among years is stable in the seed orchard. We could screen and optimize the clones in seed orchard based on the flowering phenology and synchronization, and combined with hand-pollination to decrease the difference of flowering synchronization among clones, that will improve the yield and quality of seed in S. superba seed orchard.