奥帕克-2玉米籽粒性状杂种优势及配合力分析

选用4个软质胚乳和4个硬质(或半硬质)胚乳的高赖氨酸玉米自交系,进行8×8完全双列杂交试验,分析了后代籽粒品质性状的遗传表现和配合力,结果表明:高产优质蛋白玉米单交种组配应以硬质和软质亲本相杂交,或是用半硬质亲本相互杂交;半硬质胚乳奥帕克-2玉米自交系组材应以较硬质亲本作母本,籽粒性状中,出籽率、蛋白质含量、硬质度在早代选择就有效果;赖氨酸含量在早代选材,高代决选均应进行测试,籽粒产量、折干率在选择各代均应重视,中系042/O_2是一个宝贵的硬质胚乳优良种质,齐205是高籽粒产量特异种质,赖氨酸含量、硬质度、蛋白质品质性状受一般配合力影响大;出籽率、折干率、籽粒产量受特殊配合力影响大。

An Analysis of the Heterosis and Combining Ability of Opaque-2 Maize Kernal Characteristics

Eight Opaque-2 inbred lines of maize, four with soft endosperm and four with hard or semihard endosperm, were tested in diallel crosses. There was evidently maternal effect on the endosperm hardness of F1 kernels, if the hard endosperm lines were used as female parents. The GCA effect was more important than the SCA effect on kernel quality characters. The conclusion suggested that crosses involving soft and hard endosperm lines or semi-hard endosperm lines should be adopted in breeding programs for increasing both lysine content and the endosperm hardness of kernels. Zhongxi 042/O2 was the best hard endosperm inbred line. As for the ear weight rate , the lysine content and the protein content, Qi205 was the best inbred line that had the highest grain yield and semi-hard endosperm. The GCA has a serious influence on the endosperm hardness and the protein quality, while the SCA value influenced grain product rate, drying grain weight rate and grain yield/plant greatly