循环曝气地下滴灌的温室番茄生长与品质

循环曝气滴灌可以大幅度提高灌溉水掺气比例,有效改善普通地下滴灌引起的黏质型土壤根区间歇性缺氧环境,提高作物生产力.以河南省中牟县黄河淤积黄黏土为供试土壤,以温室番茄为供试对象,研究循环曝气地下滴灌对番茄生理及品质的影响.结果表明,与普通地下滴灌(对照处理)相比,相同灌溉定额条件下曝气处理番茄果实前5次产量提高了29.15%;番茄的水分利用效率提高了20.72%.曝气处理气孔导度提高了30.51%,植物的生长活力得到增强.番茄果实维生素C含量提高了13.25%,可溶性固形物含量提高了8.62%,糖酸比提高了22.05%,而总酸含量和硬度分别下降了15.50%和11.19%.曝气处理最大根长增加了16.75%,根冠质量之比提高了25.81%.综合分析表明,曝气滴灌可显著促进黄黏土中番茄的生长,促进番茄果实成熟,有效提高作物产量,改善番茄品质.

Growth and quality of greenhouse tomato under cycle aerated subsurface drip irrigation

Aerated subsurface drip irrigation refers to a kind of crop irrigation method in which aerated water is ejected into the root zone of a plant by using subsurface drip irrigation(SDI)system. It can enrich air content in the water significantly and eases temporal hypoxia in the root zone of plants in clayey soil under SDI system, subsequently increases crop productivity. The effects of aerated subsurface drip irrigation on growth, yield, and quality of greenhouse tomato are investigated by using yellow clayey soil in Zhongmou County, Henan Province. Compared with the control treatment, the crop water use efficiency(WUE)in the aerated treatment is increased by 20.72%, the fruit yield is improved by 29.15% at the first five harvests, and the harvest date is moved up under the same irrigation quota. Also, the stomatal conductance of tomato is raised by 30.51% and the plant vigour is enhanced. The viteamin V content, soluble solid and sugar-to-acid ratio are increased by 13.25%, 8.62% and 22.05%, but the total acid content and fruit rigidity are decreased by 15.50% and 11.19%, respectively, suggesting the quality of tomato has been improved greatly. Furthermore, the longest root length is increased by 16.75% and the root-to-canopy dry weight ratio rises by 25.81%. The results suggest the aerated subsurface drip irrigation can promote tomato plants to grow in the yellow clayey soil in green houses, to speed the mature process of fruit, to increase the yield of crop and to improve the quality of tomato.