反向遗传学技术及在RNA病毒研究中的应用

RNA病毒的反向遗传学技术是指由病毒的cDNA克隆获取RNA病毒的一项技术,该技术通过人为加入DNA基因片段,实现了在DNA水平上对RNA病毒基因组的人工操作。反向遗传系统可以对RNA病毒直接进行遗传操作,为RNA病毒的分子生物学研究提供了一种强大的工具。自20世纪70年代后期第一例RNA病毒感染性克隆构建成功以来,RNA病毒的分子生物学研究取得了长足的进展,这在很大程度上归功于各种RNA病毒反向遗传系统的建立。文章介绍了反向遗传学技术的基本特点、技术方法及其在正、负链RNA病毒的基因功能、致病机制及新型病毒载体等方面的研究及应用情况。

Technique of Reverse Genetics and Its Application in RNA Virus

Technique of reverse genetics for RNA virus was a method of obtaining the RNA virus by cloning the cDNA of virus genome. And then the RNA virus genome could be artificially manipulated from the DNA fragment by the reverse genetics and changing the genome of the viruses. It makes the manipulation of reverse genetics a powerful tool for the research on molecular biology of RNA virus. After the successful construction of first infectious clone of RNA virus in late 70th last century, the research on molecular biology of RNA virus had improved greatly. In this paper we introduced the main characters and technical methods of the manipulation of reverse genetics, and the application of the reverse genetics in genomic function, pathogenic mechanism and RNA virus vector for both positive-strand and negative-strand RNA virus.