隔离区用化学药剂诱导“矮败”小麦不育株孤雌生值的研究

在隔离区内用对氯苯氧乙酸（ＣＰＸ）、激动素（ＫＴ）、秋水仙素（Ｃｏｌ）、二甲基亚砜（ＤＭＳＯ）、马来酰肼（ＭＨ）和乙烯雌酚等药剂诱导“矮败”小麦群体的不育株孤雌生殖。连续２２的试验结果表明：在所研究的处理药剂中,５００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１ＣＰＸ＋１００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１ＫＴ＋２％ＤＭＳＯ的诱导效果最好,其次是０．２％Ｃｏｌ＋２％ＤＭＳＯ。小穗剪颖后用药处理比不剪颖处理的诱导结实率高。药剂处理后套袋可明显提高诱导效果。诱导处理次数与诱导子房膨大率呈显著的线性相关,而与结实率则呈非线性相关。用药剂处理的时间以每天晚上７点后处理的效果最好。用药剂处理后６～７ｄ再喷施１００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１赤霉素对提高诱导结实率有明显的作用。经观察,孤雌生殖纯系在育性、株高、株型、穗形、芒的有无等性状方面均表现稳定遗传。

A Study of Inducing Female Parthenogenesis on the Male-Sterile Plants of "Aibai"Wheat with Chemicals in Isolative Area

In isolative area,the female parthenogenesis on the male-sterile plants of"Aibai"wheat population were induced by para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid,kinetin,colchicine,dimethyl sulfoxide,maleic hydrazide and diethylstilbestrol and so on.The results of two-year research indicated that the inducing effect with 500mg.L-1 cpx + 100mg.L-1 KT +2 %DMSO was the best,then,followed by the effect induced with 0.2 % col+2% DMSO.Higher rate of setting seeds was obtained ofter the glumes were cut.The induction effect with bagging was better than that without bagging ofter the male-sterile plants were treated with chemicals.The times of chemical treatment had significant POsitive linear correlation with rate of expanded ovaries,but,curvilinear correlation with rate of set seeds.The induction effect was also concerned with the treatment time.Higher rate of set seeds was obtained by second treatment with 100ppmGA ofter 6-7 days with chemicals treatment.Genetical stability of Fertility,plant height,type of plant,shape of ear and so on were found in the induced parthenogenesis lines.