苹果汁色泽相关性状的遗传

对3个苹果杂交组合后代及其亲本品种的原汁和浓缩汁的透光度(T625)和吸光度(A420)及贮藏6个月后的变化值(△T625和△A420)进行了评价。结果表明,3个组合杂交后代苹果原汁和浓缩汁(10%稀释液)的平均透光度非常近于或略低于亲本的亲中值,组合传递力很高(大于或近于100%),平均吸光度均大于亲中值,组合遗传力很高(大于100%)。杂交后代的透光度和吸光度均表现出连续性的分离,表现为数量性状的特点。3个组合后代中原汁透光度(T625)大于98%所占的比率在60.87%～69.23%,浓缩汁(10%稀释液)透光度大于98%的在6.67%～19.70%;原汁吸光度(A420)小于0.2的为28.57%～46.15%,而多数浓缩汁吸光度均小于0.3。通过杂交选育果汁色泽浅的新品种是可行的。

Study on the inheritance of color characteristics of apple juice

The original fruit juice and juice concentrate of pedigrees of 3 apple crosses were used as materials for evaluating their transparence(T625) and absorbance(A420) and their changed value(△T625 and △A420) after 6 months storage.Results showed that the average values of transparence of apple juice and juice concentrate(10% dilute) were nearly closed to or a little bit smaller than those of the mid parents and their combining transferability were high(closed to 100% or >100%).The average values of absorbance were larger than those of their parents and their combining transferability were very high(>100%).Both the values of transparence and absorbance were of polygenic characters with the distribution of continuity in hybrid populations.The ratio of the transparence(T625) of apple juice was greater than 98%,ranged from 60.87% to 69.23%,and the ratio of the transparence(T625) of apple juice concentrate was greater than 98%,ranged from 6.67% to 19.70% in the hybrids derived from 3 combinations;The ratio of the absorbance(A420) of apple juice was less than 0.2,from 28.57% to 46.15%,and the absorbance of majority of apple juice concentrates were less than 0.3 in the hybrids of the 3 crossed combinations.Smaller change value of transparence(△T625) and absorbance(△A420) of rather high ratio of hybrid individuals were found in all 3 combinations,indicating high stability of juice storage and the possibility of selecting new cultivars with good fruit juice color and quality.