张栻“儒佛之辨”刍议

在宋代理学家崇儒排佛的思想背景下，张栻（南轩）对佛教采取了极力排斥的态度。出于纠正当时社会上一些儒者受佛教“空虚”思想所“惑”，或“偏离”儒家正学，或名为“辟佛”却流于“诐淫邪道之域”，而“自陷于异端之中而不自知”的状况，张栻从立本虚实、心性与理欲以及修养工夫等方面，深入辨析儒佛之异，尽力去划清儒学与佛教“异端”在本体论、心性论和修养工夫论等方面的思想界限。从中既反映出张栻崇儒与反佛立场的坚定性，同时也暴露出其自身思想方法的某种偏向和思想弱点。

The Discussion on Confucianism and Buddhism of Chang Shih

Chang Shih ( Nanxuan) took a tough stance, under the Background of Neo-Confucianism respect Confucianism and exclude Buddhism in the Song dynasty. He wanted to correct the problems below caused by Buddhist. Some were refused by nihility. Some were deviated Confucianism. Although some were willing to criticize Buddhism, they were in heresy involuntarily. He analyst of the differences between Confucianism and Buddhism penetratingly, in order to clarify the boundary of them about substantialism and temperament theory and the theory of self-cultivation etc. We can discover that his idea of respecting Confucianism and excluding Buddhism is unshakable, simultaneously the action exposed his weaknesses in a certain bias of their own thinking and ideas.