密植油菜苗期和成熟期性状与产量的相关性

对油菜幼苗期和成熟期各性状进行分析,探讨在高密度下油菜苗期冠层特性和成熟期农艺性状与产量的相关性,为选育适合高密度栽培的油菜品种提供理论依据。通过相关性和主成分分析,结果表明,在油菜幼苗期不同叶型品种(系)的冠层覆盖面积和叶片重合面积不同,有显著性差异,其冠层覆盖面积越大,叶片重合面积越大;其中以叶片重合面积、分枝部位和分枝数的变异系数最大,说明在株型方面有较大的改良空间;在相关性分析中,株高、主花序长、主花序角果数、单株有效角果数、每角粒数、冠层覆盖面积与单株产量呈显著正相关,叶片重合面积与单株产量呈显著负相关。利用主成分分析,可将相关农艺性状分为"产量贡献因子"、"密植株型因子"、"丰产遗传因子"、"密植苗形因子"4大类,在主成分综合评价中以ZX5的得分最高,ZX1得分最低。合理的性状特征是密植高产的基础。

Correlation between Traits at Seedling and Mature Stages and Yield of Close-planted Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

The correlation of canopy characters at rapeseed seedling stage and agronomic traits at mature stage with yield was explored by correlation and principal component analysis under high density planting conditions, and to provide theoretical foundation for developing rapeseed varieties suitable for high density planting. The results showed that canopy cover area and leaf doublication area of different leaf type was different in rapeseed seedling stage and showed significant difference, the greater canopy cover area had the greater leaf doublication area; the maximum coefficients of variance were detected in leaf doublication area, branch height and branch number, which indicated that improvement on plant type had large improvement space; in correlation analysis, plant height, main inflorescence length, main inflorescence effective pod number, effective pod number per plant, per pod grain number, canopy cover area and yield per plant showed significant positive correlation, leaf doublication area and yield per plant showed negative correlation. Using principal component analysis, the agronomic traits could be divided into four categories, including yield contribution factor, close planting type factor, high yield genetic factor, and close planting seeding type factor. In principal component comprehensive evaluation, the score of ZX5 was the Max, the score of ZX1 was the Min. Therefore, suitable traits were the base of close planting and high yielding for rapeseed.