聚甲醛纤维研究进展及其在渔业中的应用

聚甲醛是一种高密度、高结晶性的线性聚合物,属于工程塑料。聚甲醛纤维具有优异的机械强度、耐化学性、耐气候性、自润滑性能及抗生物附着性能。综述了聚甲醛及聚甲醛纤维的结构与性能,重点介绍了熔融纺丝法制备聚甲醛纤维,该法通过将聚甲醛熔融后从喷丝孔挤出,再经高倍热拉伸、定形制得高强度聚甲醛纤维。并对聚甲醛纤维在渔业中的应用进行了展望,分析了当前渔用合成纤维的不足及聚甲醛纤维在渔业领域中的应用前景,可用于大型远洋拖网、大型围网、高强度绳索、深远海养殖网箱等,对实现我国渔业调结构转方式有着重要作用。

Research progress of polyformaldehyde fiber and its application in fishery

Polyoxymethylene(POM) is a linear polymer with high density and high crystallinity,which belongs to engineering plastics. POM fibers have excellent mechanical strength,chemical resistance,climate resistance,self-lubrication and anti-biological attachment properties. Thus it is often used in textiles,cords,aircraft,fishing nets,etc. The structure and properties of POM and POM fibers were reviewed. The breaking strength of POM fibers prepared by melt spinning method can reach 7.40 cN/dtex and the elongation rate at break is 20%;POM fibers have strong alkali resistance,but it would decompose in acid solution;the strength retention rate of POM fibers remained 100% after being immersed in seawater for one year. Adding crystallization nucleating agent to reduce the spherocrystal size of POM fibers can improve the crystallization perfection of POM fibers. In addition,the application prospects of POM fibers in fishery were introduced.POM fibers make up for the low strength of natural fibers,and can meet the needs of modern fishery production,modernization and specialization of deep-water operations. Because of its high strength,high modulus,excellent abrasion resistance,scratch fracture resistance and stability of use,and good resistance to sea water,it is not easy to be corroded by microorganisms,it does not adsorb plankton,nor grow mould,has low water absorption rate,and can maintain good strength in sea water for a long time,so it can be used in large ocean trawl,large purse seine,high strength rope,deep sea aquaculture cage etc. The application of POM fibers in fisheries will promote the development of China’ s new fishery situation and play an important role in realizing transfer mode and adjusting structure of fishery in China.