诱变育种在改良热带亚热带玉米种质资源中的应用及前景展望

近10年中国玉米单产几乎没有什么实质性的突破。种质资源狭窄是造成这种现象的一个重要原因。引进热带亚热带种质资源是拓宽温带玉米种质的一个重要途径。但是热带亚热带种质资源引进到温带以后会出现成熟期延迟、营养生长优于生殖生长等现象。针对热带亚热带玉米种质这些特点，诱变可以发挥重要的作用。主要对目前经常应用的几种诱变方法在改良热带亚热带玉米种质资源上的应用前景进行了比较。对将来大规模地运用诱变方法改良外来种质进行了预测。

The Prospect of Utilizing Induced Mutations in Improvement Tropical and Subtropical Maize

Maize was main feed, industrial materials and food crop in China. But the per unit area yield has not been improved in the last ten years. That the breeding base was too narrow was one important reason. Introduction tropical and subtropical maize into the maize breeding of the temperate zone was one important way to solve this problem. But the photoperiod sensitivity of the tropical and subtropical maize blocked this process. Induced mutations can play important roles getting over this obstacle. The problems existed were also discussed.