菌渣施用对黄河故道区低产田土壤理化性质、小麦根系生长和产量的影响

通过对两个小麦生长季进行田间监测,探究了施用菌渣对黄河故道区低产田土壤理化性质、小麦根系生长和产量的影响.试验共设7个处理,分别为不施用菌渣(CK),施用低量(6t/hm2;S1)、中量(12t/hm2;S2)和高量秸秆质菌渣(18t/hm2;S3),施用低量(6t/hm2;B1)、中量(12t/hm2;B2)和高量木...

Using Mushroom Residues Improving Soil Physiochemical Properties, Wheat Root Growth and Yield in Low-yield Cropland of Ancient Yellow River Area

The mushroom residue is a low-cost organic amendment with abundant nutrients, which is helpful in increasing the soil fertility of low-yield cropland, but the reports regarding the effects of mushroom residues application on crop yield enhancement and soil properties improvement are very limited in the low-yield cropland of ancient Yellow River area. A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of mushroom residues application on soil properties, wheat root growth, and wheat yield in the region of the ancient Yellow River. Seven treatments, i.e., no mushroom residue application (CK), straw-based mushroom residue application at the rates of 6, 12, and 18 Mg/hm2 (S1, S2, and S3 respectively), xylary mushroom residue application at the rates of 6, 12, and 18 Mg/hm2 (B1, B2, and B3 respectively) were established in this study. Compared with CK, the wheat yield increased by 32.4%~51.8% and 38.8%~101.2% in the 1st and 2nd year after mushroom residues application, respectively (P <0.05). Stepwise regression showed that an application of 1 Mg/hm2 mushroom residues could improve crop yield by 0.21 Mg/hm2 (P <0.01). Application of straw-based mushroom residue at the rate of 18 Mg/hm2 could achieve the optimal agronomic and economic incomes, however, no significant differences of wheat yield and economic income were detected between straw-based and xylary mushroom residues (P >0.05). After the two-years application of mushroom residues, the soil organic matter contents increased by 24.7%-57.7% (P <0.05), the soil bulk density and compactness significantly decreased by 11.6%-18.2% and 20.8%-35.7% respectively (P <0.05; B1 excepted). Root traits showed positive correlations with wheat yields. Mushroom residues application significantly increased the total root length, surface area, total volume, and folks (P <0.05). The wheat yield had positive correlations with soil organic matter contents, and showed significant negative correlations with soil bulk density and compactness of 0-10 cm soil, indicating the increase of soil organic matter contents and the improvements of soil physical properties are essential mechanisms for the yield enhancement after mushroom residues application. Our study indicates that in the low-yield cropland of ancient Yellow River area with the low soil organic matter levels and less favorable physical structures, application of mushroom residue is suggested to be an effective way to break through the main limiting factors of crop yield, improve soil physical properties, enhance soil fertility, promote wheat root growth, and increase economic income.