“三控”施肥技术对水稻生长发育和氮素吸收利用的影响

以两系杂交稻品种粤杂889为材料，设置三控施肥法和习惯施肥法2种处理，进行了早、晚两季试验，研究了“三控”施肥技术下水稻的生长发育和氮素吸收利用特性。结果表明：（1）与习惯施肥法相比，三控施肥法在减少氮肥10 %的情况下增产6 %~8 %，有效穗数、结实率和千粒重均有不同程度的提高。（2）三控施肥法具有明显的物质生产优势，其总干物质量比习惯施肥法高3.8 %~11.0 %。三控施肥法的中、后期叶绿素含量高，但叶面积指数相差不大。（3）三控施肥法的成穗率高，其最高茎蘖数比习惯施肥法减少5.9 %~10.6 %，但有效穗反而高于习惯施肥法，成穗率比习惯施肥法高5.5~11.8个百分点。（4）与习惯施肥法相比，三控施肥法在前期（幼穗分化前）的吸氮量低，但中、后期的吸氮量和全生育期总吸氮量明显高于习惯施肥法。三控施肥法的氮肥吸收利用率、农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力均高于习惯施肥法。

Effect of Three Controls Nutrient Management Technology on Growth, Development and Nitrogen Uptake of Rice

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of three controls nutrient management technology on growth,development and nitrogen uptake of rice.Two field experiments were conducted in early season and late season of 2009 at Baiyun experimental station,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural sciences,Guangzhou,China.Yueza 889,a two-line hybrid rice,was grown under two treatments,three controls nutrient management technology and farmers ＇ fertilizer practice（FFP）,and arranged in randomized complete block design experiments with four replicates.The results were as follows：compared with FFP,grain yield with three controls treatment was 6%-8% higher,while total nitrogen input was 10% lower.Panicles number,filled grain rate and 1000-grain weight were greater than FFP.Total plant dry weight under three controls treatment was 3.8%-11.0% greater than that under FFP.Chlorophyll content of leaves（SPAD value） of three controls treatment was higher than that of FFP during panicle initiation and grain-filling stages.Little difference was found in leaf area index between three controls treatment and FFP.Compared with FFP,maximum tiller number of three controls treatment was 5.9%-10.6% lower,but the productive tiller rate was 5.5%-11.8% higher.Plants under three controls treatment absorbed less nitrogen than FFP before panicle initiation.But during panicle initiation and grain-filling stages,plants under three controls treatment absorbed much more nitrogen than FFP.Total N uptake and nitrogen use efficiency,i.e.recovery efficiency,agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity,were higher for three controls treatment than for FFP.