云南昆明地区常见农田杂草种类组成与原产地研究

探讨云南省昆明地区常见农田杂草种类组成及外来入侵杂草的来源,为农田杂草防控提供理论依据。昆明地区常见农田杂草分属34科共计151种;优势科的现象十分明显,其中菊科(Compositae)占31种,禾本科(Gramineae)占22种,十字花科(Cruciferae)占10种。在所调查的151种杂草植物中,外来杂草有48种,其中菊科外来杂草植物有13种;48种外来杂草植物中,来自美洲大陆的外来杂草共占28种,来自非洲大陆的外来杂草植物占3种,来自欧洲大陆的外来杂草占10种。昆明地区常见的农田杂草以菊科、禾本科、十字花科、蓼科杂草植物为主,占调查总杂草种数的47.1%;昆明地区常见农田外来杂草以菊科、苋科、禾本科杂草植物为主,占总调查外来杂草种数的45.8%;昆明地区常见农田外来杂草以来自美洲大陆地区的草本植物为主,占总外来杂草植物种数的58.3%。因此,在农业生产中,要加强对菊科、苋科、禾本科杂草植物的监管及有效防控;在引进外来植物物种时,要对来自美洲的植物特别是菊科植物加强风险评估及鉴定。

Species Composition and Origin Range of Farmland Weeds Frequently Observed in Kunming,Yunnan

To provide valuable information for the effective control of weeds,this study investigated the species composition of common exotic weeds in Kunming and analyzed their origin.The recorded 15 1 weed species belonged to 34 families with clear dominance of some of them.The Compositae were represented by 3 1 species,followed by the Poaceae with 22 species and the Cruciferae with 10 species.There were 48 exotic species among the 151 weed species,13 of them belong-ing to Compositae.Twenty-eight exotic species originated from the American continent,ten from Europe and three from Africa.Almost half of the weed species(47.1%)belonged to Compositae,Gramineae,Cruciferae,and Polygonaceae. Similarly,45 .8% of the exotic weed species belonged to Compositae,Amaranthaceae,and Poaceae.Therefore,weeds be-longing to the three families should be especially supervised and effectively controlled within agricultural production.In addition,ecological risks should be assessed and appraised when plants from American continent,especially plants of Compositae,would be introduced.